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Measuring the Immeasurables: Development and Initial Validation of the Self-Other Four Immeasurables (SOFI) Scale Based on Buddhist Teachings on Loving Kindness, Compassion, Joy, and Equanimity
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“However, equanimity was only measured with one variable (acceptance towards self and others), which, as previously mentioned, captures only part of the construct of equanimity. More specifically, respondents are asked to rate items on a Likert scale according to the extent that they have thought, felt or acted in a way that is ' friendly ' , ' hateful ' , ' angry ' , ' joyful ' , ' accepting ' , '”
From Development and Validation of the Equanimity Scale-16 (2021) · cites this paper as Kraus and Sears 2009
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“As other researchers have used as criteria (e.g., Tedeschi and Calhoun 1996), these items generally had factor loadings of greater than 0.50 on one of the six factors and not more than 0.40 on any other factor.”
MethodInfluentialThe Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · cited 9×
“…3.65 (0.75) 0.64 0.52 Negative self 1.25 (0.24) 1.57 (0.62) 3.53 0.001** Negative other 1.31 (0.36) 1.66 (0.77) 2.72 0.01** Note: * p \ 0.05, ** p \ 0.01, *** p \ 0.001 with the Self Compassion Scale (Neff 2003), but adds to this existing measure by including ratings of compassion toward others.”
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“Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research Operationally defining Buddhist concepts has not been without difficulty (Kraus & Sears, 2009) and this study is no exception.”
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“The importance of self-compassion has been high-lighted in many compassion training programs, but often to the detriment of identifying prosocial behaviors in their outcomes (Lopez, 2009; Kraus & Sears, 2009; Neff, 2012; Quaglia et al., 2020).”
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“Algunos autores contemporáneos han mostrado interés en el análisis teórico y científico de estos términos e incluso han realizado esfuerzos para medirlos de forma empírica (Kraus & Sears, 2009).”
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“The basic pattern of reporting more compassionate feelings for others than the self-reported by Kraus and Sears (2009) was also found in the Study 2 sample, but the discrepancy between compassion for the self and others was significantly smaller for those who had listened to reminders of the four…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kraus, S., & Sears, S.
- Affiliations
- Fort Lewis College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kraus, Sue
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 2008-08-27
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 169-181
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W2011951305
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- loving-kindness, compassion, joy, equanimity, scale development, Buddhist doctrine, mindfulness, positive psychology, social psychology
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