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Is Psychological Well-Being Linked to the Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables?
Open accessAbstract
Humans run on a fuel called food.Yet economists and other social scientists rarely study what people eat.We provide simple evidence consistent with the existence of a link between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and high well-being.In cross-sectional data, happiness and mental health rise in an approximately dose-response way with the number of daily portions of fruit and vegetables.The pattern is remarkably robust to adjustment for a large number of other demographic, social and economic variables.Well-being peaks at approximately 7 portions per day.We document this relationship in three data sets, covering approximately 80,000 randomly selected British individuals, and for seven measures of well-being (life satisfaction, WEMWBS mental well-being, GHQ mental disorders, self-reported health, happiness, nervousness, and feeling low).Reverse causality and problems of confounding remain possible.We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our analysis, how government policy-makers might wish to react to it, and what kinds of further research --especially randomized trials --would be valuable.
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“nine different antioxidants found in fruit and vegetables have been shown in another study to be associated with optimism in middle-aged adults.41”
From Major health-related behaviours and mental well-being in the general population: the Health Survey for England (2014) · cites this paper as [41]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Blanchflower, D. G., Oswald, A. J., & Stewart-Brown, S.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- IZA - Institute of Labor Economics (DE)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Oswald, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 2012-10-11
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 785-801
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1571758011
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 16.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (submittedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/H021248/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- psychological well-being, fruit and vegetable intake, mental health, life satisfaction, self-reported health, anxiety, dietary intake
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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