High Vitamin C Status Is Associated with Elevated Mood in Male Tertiary Students
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Micronutrient status is thought to impact on psychological mood due to the role of nutrients in brain structure and function. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of vitamin C status with mood state in a sample of male tertiary students. We measured fasting plasma vitamin C levels as an indicator of vitamin C status, and subjective mood was determined using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. One hundred and thirty-nine male students aged 18 to 35 years were recruited from local tertiary institutes in Christchurch, New Zealand. The average plasma vitamin C concentration was 58.2 ± 18.6 (SD) µmol/L and the average total mood disturbance score was 25.5 ± 26.6 (possible score −32 to 200 measuring low to high mood disturbance, respectively). Plasma vitamin C concentration was inversely correlated with total mood disturbance as assessed by POMS (r = −0.181, p < 0.05). Examination of the individual POMS subscales also showed inverse associations of vitamin C status with depression, confusion, and anger. These findings suggest that high vitamin C status may be associated with improved overall mood in young adult males.
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In male students from New Zealand, higher plasma vitamin C concentration was associated with lower reported mood disturbance, depression, confusion and anger.
“Vitamin C status has been found to be associated with better mood in male students from New Zealand: the higher the plasma concentration, the lower the reported mood disturbance, depression, confusion and anger”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [174]
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Vitamin C and neuroinflammation
Marino, A. L., Consoli, D. C., & Harrison, F. E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89835-5.00028-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cao, Q. (2024) · American Journal of Translational Research · doi:10.62347/fxxd5655 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Herbal Medicines for the Management of Diseases on Vitamin Deficiency
Sarkar, S., Das, A. K., & Nanjappan, S. K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7703-1_17 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cohort study of microelement status in “healthy” population of Russian megapolis
Мартусевич, А. К., & Александрович, К. К. (2019) · Biomedicine · doi:10.1051/bmdcn/2019090315 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
From observation to intervention: time to put ‘food and mood’ to the test
Bradfield, J., Buckner, L., Amati, F., Burridge, J., & Ray, S. (2021) · BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000301 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association of Vitamins and their Interactions on Depression: A Review
Mistry, N., Cowan, L., Samawi, H. M., Qotineh, A., & Sullivan, K. L. (2025) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00686-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Moreover, studies have shown the importance of vitamin C in depression and vitamin C's involvement in the synthesis of norepinephrine and other neuro-transmitters that alter mood [20].”
Zhao, D., Long, X., & Wang, J. (2025) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1155/jfbc/7442661 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, R., He, J., Cheng, L., Huang, Z., Miao, X., Cheng, X., Wang, Y., Lin, X., & Xia, S. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18142230 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Clinical studies have shown that higher vitamin C levels are associated with improved mood states in young males [57], and vitamin C may contribute to neurotransmitter synthesis and antioxidant defense, which could be relevant in breast cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic treatment [58].”
Neuromodulatory Influences of vitamin C on D-galactose Induced Neuronal Metabolic Dysfunction Model
Mohammed, M., Moawed, F. S., zaid, O. A., & Elshewyi, O. (2021) · Benha Veterinary Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/bvmj.2021.67215.1360 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…in all cognitive function occurs, administration of antioxidant in ongoing search could improve the deterioration caused by D galactose, this is agreed with (Pullar et al., 2018) who noticed that mode is corrected by elevating vitamin C content due to increasing of serotonin in rat brains.”
BackgroundNajafzadeh, A., Mahdizadeh, M., Kakhki, S., Rahimi, A. R. O., Ahmadi‐Soleimani, S. M., & Beheshti, F. (2024) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/jdn.10392 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…C deficiency has been strongly associated with depression, and correction the Vit C levels can improve the overall mood (Plevin & Galletly, 2020; Pullar et al., 2018), which is mainly attributed to excessive production of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, and in this regard another…”
Pharmacological possibilities of vitamin C in oncology
Lapka, M. (2022) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2022.025
“Na druhou stranu případové kontrolní studie potvrdily nižší koncentrace vitaminu C u onkologických pacientů, kontrolní hodnoty byly také nízké, což naznačuje určité limity v analýze vzorků (10).”
BackgroundSharing is Caring & Giving is Winning
Gafoor, S. A., & Kandhari, N. (2021) · The Physician · doi:10.38192/1.7.2.10
Vitamin C for the Treatment of Depression in Cancer Patients: A Literature Review
Kerner, J. A., & Eckstrand, E. (2022) · Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal · doi:10.26685/urncst.352
Wilson, R. B., Liang, Y., Kaushal, D., & Carr, A. C. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf230
“34,138,145,146 However, whether AA deficiency directly leads to L -carnitine depletion is controversial.”
Self-citationMachano, M. K., Mollay, C., Mpolya, E. A., & Sauli, E. (2026) · Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal · doi:10.12944/crnfsj.14.special-issue-june.14
- Authors
- Pullar, J., Carr, A., Bozonet, S., & Vissers, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Pullar, Juliet
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-07-16
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 91
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6071228
- OpenAlex
- W2884414049
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- vitamin C status, plasma ascorbic acid, mood, mood disturbance, depression, anger, confusion, young men, tertiary students, micronutrient status, Profile of Mood States
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