The effectiveness of volition support (VoS) in promoting students’ effort regulation and performance in an online mathematics course
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many of these assistants offered multiple supports to students, such as Alex, the AI described as a virtual change agent in Kim and Bennekin's (2016) study.
“Many of these assistants offered multiple supports to students, such as Alex , the AI described as a virtual change agent in Kim and Bennekin's (2016) study.”
From Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field (2023) · cites this paper as Kim and Bennekin, 2016
Cites
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835 · see citing works
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925 · see citing works
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35 · Cited by 37,557 · see citing works
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
Creswell, J. W. (1994) · Cited by 35,227 · see citing works
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,409 · see citing works
Valente, T. W. (2003) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.gim.0000061743.67794.c4 · Cited by 20,555 · see citing works
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
Sloane-Seale, A. (2009) · Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education · doi:10.21225/d54s3d · Cited by 14,328 · see citing works
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686 · see citing works
Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33 · Cited by 8,332 · see citing works
Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705 · Cited by 7,766 · see citing works
(2009) · Cited by 6,311 · see citing works
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 5,798 · see citing works
Motivation in Education: Theory, Research, and Applications
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1995) · Cited by 5,724 · see citing works
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478 · see citing works
The Role of Goal Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning
Pintrich, P. R. (2000) · Handbook of Self-Regulation · doi:10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50043-3 · Cited by 5,173 · see citing works
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154 · see citing works
Expectancies, values and academic behaviors
Eccles, J. S. (1983) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · Cited by 3,901 · see citing works
(1991) · Cited by 3,259 · see citing works
Blaney, P. H. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.229 · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611418350 · Cited by 1,435 · see citing works
Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit.
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Brandstätter, V. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.186 · Cited by 1,343 · see citing works
Motivational Design for Learning and Performance: The ARCS Model Approach
Keller, J. M. (2010) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1250-3 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works
Self-regulated learning: the educational legacy of Paul R. Pintrich.
Schunk, D. H. (2005) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4002_3 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Wolters, C. A., & Pintrich, P. R. (1998) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1023/a:1003035929216 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Corno, L. (1993) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x022002014 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Goal Contagion: Perceiving Is for Pursuing.
Aarts, H., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Hassin, R. R. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.23 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Discovering Emotion in Classroom Motivation Research
Meyer, D. K., & Turner, J. C. (2002) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3702_5 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Research-Based Design of Pedagogical Agent Roles: a Review, Progress, and Recommendations
Kim, Y. A., & Baylor, A. L. (2015) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-015-0055-y · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Decomposing Self-Regulation and Self-Control: The Volitional Components Inventory
Kühl, J., & Fuhrmann, A. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527869.003 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Olson, S., & Riordan, D. G. (2012) · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Artino, A. R., & Jones, K. D. (2012) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.01.006 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Teachable Agents and the Protégé Effect: Increasing the Effort Towards Learning
Chase, C. C., Chin, D. B., Oppezzo, M. A., & Schwartz, D. L. (2009) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-009-9180-4 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Blackwell handbook in social psychology
Clark, M., & Fletcher, G. J. O. (2000) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Emotion and Memory Research: A Grumpy Overview
Levine, L. J., & Pizarro, D. A. (2004) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.22.5.530.50767 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Kehr, H. M. (2004) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2004.13670963 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Action Control: The Maintenance of Motivational States
Kühl, J. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70967-8_19 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Strategic automation of emotion regulation.
Gallo, I. S., Keil, A., McCulloch, K. C., Rockstroh, B., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013460 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The Role of Volition in Learning and Performance
Corno, L., & Kanfer, R. (1993) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.2307/1167345 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Affective and motivational factors of learning in online mathematics courses
Kim, C., Park, S. W., & Cozart, J. (2012) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01382.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Integrative Theory of Motivation, Volition, and Performance
Keller, J. M. (2008) · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Goal Setting and Goal Striving
Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470998519.ch15 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Emotions and Motivation in Learning and Performance
Kim, C., & Pekrun, R. H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3185-5_6 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction to the Special Issue Work Habits and Work Styles: Volition in Education
Corno, L. (2004) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00400.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
IS STUDENT-RIGHT-TO-KNOW ALL YOU SHOULD KNOW? An Analysis of Community College Graduation Rates
Bailey, T., Calcagno, J. C., Jenkins, D., Leinbach, T., & Kienzl, G. (2006) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-005-9005-0 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Social and emotional aspects of learning
Järvelä, S. (2011) · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Kim, C., & Hodges, C. B. (2011) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-011-9165-6 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationSimulating Instructional Roles through Pedagogical Agents
Baylor, A. L., & Kim, Y. A. (2005) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.3233/irg-2005-15(2)02 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Chapter 7: The Role of Volition in Learning and Performance
Corno, L., & Kanfer, R. (1993) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x019001301 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Efficiency under record performance demands: Exertion control--an individual difference variable?
Heckhausen, H., & Strang, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.3.489 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Taking control of research on volitional control: challenges for future theory and research
Pintrich, P. R. (1999) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s1041-6080(99)80007-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The role of volition in distance education: An exploration of its capacities
Deimann, M., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2010) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v11i1.778 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The Motivation-Volition Divide and Its Resolution in Action-Phase Models of Developmental Regulation
Heckhausen, J. (2007) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427600701662983 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The role of affective and motivational factors in designing personalized learning environments
Kim, C. (2012) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-012-9253-6 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficiency under record performance demands: Exertion control—an individual difference variable?
Heckhausen, H., & Strang, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.3.489 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Kim, C. M., & Baylor, A. L. (2008) · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Y., & Cooke, R. W. I. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Permutations of Control: Cognitive Considerations for Agent-Based Learning Environments
Baylor, A. L. (2001) · The Journal of Interactive Learning Research · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Sage Encyclopedia of Educational Technology
Millard, S. (2016) · Reference Reviews · doi:10.1108/rr-08-2015-0202 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cho, M. H., & Summers, J. J. (2012) · The Journal of Interactive Learning Research · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Byman, R., & Kansanen, P. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313830802497224 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Developmental Education Writing: Persistence and Goal Attainment Among Community College Students
Crews, D. M., & Aragon, S. R. (2007) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668920600859715 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kotamraju, P., & Blackman, O. (2011) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2010.526045 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
CASA, WASA, and the dimensions of us
Wiśniewski, P., & Prietula, M. J. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Empowering The Non-Traditional College Student And Bridging The Digital Divide
Jesnek, L. M. (2012) · Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) · doi:10.19030/cier.v5i1.6780 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Design and implementation of volitional control support in mathematics courses
Kim, C., & Bennekin, K. N. (2013) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-013-9309-2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationVolitional Control of Learning
Husman, J. E., & Corno, L. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-044894-7.00604-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kim, C. M., Keller, J. M., & Baylor, A. L. (2007) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationDede, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/0020739x.2012.714489 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Motivation, Emotion Control, and Volition
Kim, C. (2015) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Technology · doi:10.4135/9781483346397.n218 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 71 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-023-00392-8 · Cited by 2,010 · see citing works
Generative AI tools and assessment: Guidelines of the world's top-ranking universities
Moorhouse, B. L., Yeo, M. A., & Wan, Y. (2023) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2023.100151 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Studies of student engagement in gamified online discussions
Ding, L., Kim, C., & Orey, M. A. (2017) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2017.06.016 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of Multimedia Pedagogical Agents Predicted by Diverse Theories: a Meta-Analysis
Castro-Alonso, J. C., Wong, R. M., Adesope, O., & PAAS, F. G. W. C. (2021) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-020-09587-1 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A systematic review of pedagogical agent research: Similarities, differences and unexplored aspects
Dai, L., Jung, M. M., Postma, M., & Louwerse, M. M. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104607 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Why do students use ChatGPT? Answering through a triangulation approach
Niloy, A. C., Bari, M. A., Sultana, J., Chowdhury, R., Raisa, F. M., Islam, A., Mahmud, S., Jahan, I., Sarkar, M., Akter, S., et al. (2024) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100208 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Motivation From a Self-Regulated Learning Perspective: Application to School Psychology
Bakhtiar, A., & Hadwin, A. F. (2021) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/08295735211054699 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Xu, L., Duan, P., Padua, S. A., & Li, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047680 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Aure, P. A., & Cuenca, O. (2024) · Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning · doi:10.1108/jrit-03-2024-0076 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Relación entre la emoción y los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje
Anzelín, I., & Marín-Gutiérrez, A. (2020) · Sophia · doi:10.18634/sophiaj.16v.1i.1007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The emergence of artificial intelligence in the higher education
Ajani, O. A., Akintolu, M., & Afolabi, S. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v13i8.3507 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hu, S., Ke, F., Vyortkina, D., Hu, P., Luby, S., & O’Shea, J. (2025) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58698-9_13 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hu, S., Ke, F., Vyortkina, D., Hu, P., Luby, S., & O’Shea, J. (2024) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51930-7_13-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hu, S., Ke, F., Vyortkina, D., Hu, P., Luby, S., & O’Shea, J. (2024) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51930-7_13-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Uzaktan Öğrenenlerin Eylem Yeterlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Uçar, H., Bozkurt, A., Öztürk, A., & Kumtepe, A. T. (2020) · Anadolu Journal Of Educational Sciences International · doi:10.18039/ajesi.682037 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kim, C., Belland, B. R., Vasconcelos, L., & Hill, R. B. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241284488 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPrice, J. L., Luo, T., Bol, L., & Watson, G. (2021) · International journal on e-learning · doi:10.70725/546092euekwx · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hasumi, T., & Chiu, M.-S. (2023) · Higher education in Asia · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1874-4_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Investigating Predictive Factors for Online College Coursework Success Among High School Students
Tidwell, K. W. (2018) · Digital Commons (Liberty University)
Maliksi, R. M., & Ching, D. A. (2023) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001301820235342
Exploring the Perception of Indian Educators Towards Use of Generative AI Tools for Assessment
Pillai, N. S., & Arora, P. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2418-9.ch002
AI-Powered Career Guidance Chatbot for Students
Kumari, P. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5312-8.ch007
- Authors
- Kim, C., & Bennekin, K. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, ChanMin
- Bennekin, Kimberly N.
- ORCID
- Kim, ChanMin
- Venue
- Instructional Science
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 359-377
- ISSN
- 0020-4277 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1952
- OpenAlex
- W2518352923
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Instructional Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- The Office of the Vice President for Research, The University of Georgia, U.S.A.
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- effort regulation, student motivation, academic performance, online mathematics courses, community college students, goal formation, action control, emotion control, student self-regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review