Synthesis of Nano-silica Oxide for Heavy Metal Decontamination from Aqueous Solutions
Open accessAbstract
In the current study, nano-silica oxide (nano-SiO 2 ) was fabricated via the sol-gel technique. Then, the prepared nano-SiO 2 was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. Furthermore, the fabricated nano-SiO 2 was applied for the adsorption of lead Pb (II) and chromium Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. Additionally, the influence of different operating factors such as contact time (0–180 min), initial pH (1–11), nano-SiO 2 dose (0.1–8 g L −1 ), initial metal ion concentration (5–100 mg L −1 ), and the temperature (30–85 °C) was investigated. The nano-SiO 2 doses of 0.5 and 1 g L −1 were selected as the optimal adsorbent dose for the removal of Pb (II) and Cr (VI), respectively. These doses achieved a removal efficiency of 82.3% and 78.5% for Pb (II) and Cr (VI), after 60 and 90 min, at initial pH values of 5 and 2, respectively, using 10 mg L −1 initial metal concentration, and at room temperature. Lastly, kinetic and equilibrium studies were competently fitted using the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively. Adsorption thermodynamic studies designate the spontaneous and thermodynamic nature of the adsorption process. These results reveal the efficiency of the fabricated nano-SiO 2 as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. Graphical Abstract
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Among these mechanisms, precipitation and electrostatic attraction are often predominant in fabricated nano SiO2 systems, while surface complexation becomes significant in functionalized or hybrid silica materials.
“Among these, precipitation and electrostatic attraction are often predominant in fabricated nano SiO2 systems, while surface complexation becomes significant in functionalized or hybrid silica materials.224”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
Section 3.4 (p. 16) identifies precipitation and electrostatic attraction as the main removal processes for the two metals tested with the paper’s fabricated nano-SiO₂. The same section defines surface complexation, but does not establish that it becomes significant in functionalized or hybrid silica materials. The claim also generalizes the study’s finding beyond its tested system. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrecipitation occurs through the formation of insoluble hydroxides or silicates on or within the silica surface.
“Precipitation occurs through the formation of insoluble hydroxides or silicates on or within the silica surface,”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
Section 3.4 (p. 16) identifies precipitation as a removal mechanism and says mineral components can precipitate in solution or on the sorbent surface. It does not specify formation of insoluble hydroxides or silicates, or precipitation within the silica surface. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElectrostatic attraction depends on pH relative to the point of zero charge (pHpzc), where negatively charged silica surfaces favor cation adsorption.
“while electrostatic attraction depends on pH relative to the point of zero charge (pHpzc), where negatively charged silica surfaces favor cation adsorption.”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
Surface complexation results from the coordination of metal ions with oxygenated functional groups such as hydroxyl or carboxyl groups.
“and surface complexation results from the coordination of metal ions with oxygenated functional groups such as hydroxyl or carboxyl groups.”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
Cation exchange involves the replacement of surface-bound alkali or alkaline earth metals (e.g., Na+, Ca2+) with target metal ions.
“Cation exchange involves the replacement of surface-bound alkali or alkaline earth metals (e.g., Na+, Ca2+) with target metal ions,”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
The dominant mechanisms governing metal uptake typically include precipitation, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, and surface complexation.
“The dominant mechanisms governing metal uptake typically include precipitation, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, and surface complexation.”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [224]
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- Authors
- Meky, N., Salama, E., Soliman, M. F., Naeem, S. G., Ossman, M., & Elsayed, M.
- Affiliations
- Aswan University (EG)
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Meky, Naira
- Venue
- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
- Published
- 2024-02
- Volume
- 235
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0049-6979 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2932
- OpenAlex
- W4391810411
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Water Air & Soil Pollution (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Aswan University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Keywords
- heavy metal removal, lead removal, hexavalent chromium removal, adsorption, sol-gel synthesis, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, adsorption thermodynamics, wastewater treatment, pH effect on adsorption
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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