The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An improved effective microorganism (EM) soil ball-making method for water quality restoration
Abstract
Soil balls containing the so-called effective microorganisms (EM) have been applied to improve water quality of small ponds, lakes, and streams worldwide. However, neither the physical conditions facilitating their proper application nor the diversity of microbial community in such soil balls have been investigated. In this study, the application of 0.75% of hardener to the soil balls exerted almost neutral pH (pH 7.3) which caused up to a fourfold increased hardness of the soil ball. Moreover, the 0.75% of hardener in the soil ball also improved the water quality due to a significant reduction in dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen contents. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community in the soil ball with 0.75% hardener was compared with control (traditional soil ball) through next-generation sequencing. The traditional soil ball microbial community comprised 96.1% bacteria, 2.7% eukaryota, and 1% archaea, whereas the soil ball with 0.75% hardener comprised 71.4% bacteria, 27.9% eukaryota, and 0.2% viruses. Additionally, metagenomic profiles for both traditional and improved soil balls revealed that the various xenobiotic biodegradation, such as those for caprolactam, atrazine, xylene, toluene, styrene, bisphenol, and chlorocyclohexane might be responsible for organic waste cleanup.
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“The composition of the hardener soil ball and traditional soil ball microbial community was found to differ with the hardener soil balls comprising 0.2% viruses, 27.9% eukaryote, and 71.4% bacteria while the traditional soil ball consisted of 1% archaea, 2.7% eukaryote, and 96.1% bacteria.”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Park et al. [31] made use of soil balls that contained EM and found that the quality of water was improved by hardener soil balls as it significantly reduced the dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus components.”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Park, G.-S., Khan, A. R., Kwak, Y., Hong, S.-J., Jung, B., Ullah, I., Kim, J.-G., & Shin, J.-H.
- Affiliations
- Kyungpook National University (KR)
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Shin, Jae-Ho
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2015-10-24
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1100-1107
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W1831644796
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Environment
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- effective microorganisms, water remediation, curing agents, microbial community composition, protists, xenobiotic degradation, organic waste degradation, dissolved oxygen
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Metagenomics, Water Quality
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