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Cited by 36Air Quality and Health ImpactsClimate Change and Health ImpactsOccupational Health and Global Justice

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Health impact assessment of Delhi’s outdoor workers exposed to air pollution and extreme weather events: an integrated epidemiology approach

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Barthwal, Vaishnavi, Jain, Suresh, Babuta, Ayushi, Jamir, Chubamenla, Sharma, Arun Kumar, Mohan, Anant·2022·Environmental Science and Pollution Research
DOI 10.1007/s11356-022-18886-9PMC PMC9200945
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Abstract

This study is an assessment of the effects of outdoor air pollution and extreme weather events on the health of outdoor workers in Delhi, including auto rickshaw drivers, street vendors, and sweepers. To carry it out, a cross-sectional and perception-based epidemiological research design was used, and the primary tool used for data collection was a questionnaire. Two hundred twenty-eight people participated in the survey, and a pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed on 63 participants. Most of the respondents from different occupational groups complained about headaches/giddiness, nausea, and muscular cramps during extreme heat events due to the physically demanding nature of their jobs in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, autorickshaw drivers reported the highest prevalence of ophthalmic symptoms, such as eye redness (44%) and eye irritation (36%). In comparison, vendors reported a higher prevalence of headaches (43%) and eye redness (40%) due to increased exposure to vehicular emissions. Among sweepers, musculoskeletal problems like joint pain (40%), backache (38%), and shoulder pain (35%) were most prevalent due to occupation-related ergonomic factors. In addition, the majority of autorickshaw drivers (47%), vendors (47%), and sweepers (48%) considered that air quality had a severe impact on their health. PFT results showed that most respondents had restricted lung function. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that lung function impairment had a significant association with smoking (p = 0.023) and age (0.019). The odds ratio for smoking, which was around 4, indicated that respondents who smoked had a nearly four times greater risk of developing lung impairment. The study also highlighted the need for using personal protective equipment and developing guidelines to reduce their exposure level.

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Metadata

Authors
Barthwal, V., Jain, S., Babuta, A., Jamir, C., Sharma, A. K., & Mohan, A.
Affiliations
  • TERI University (IN)
  • Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati (IN)
  • University of Delhi (IN)
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
Corresponding author
Jain, Suresh
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-02-09
Volume
29
Issue
29
Pages
44746-44758
ISSN
  • 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
  • 1614-7499
DOI
10.1007/s11356-022-18886-9
PMC
PMC9200945
OpenAlex
W4211236856
Cited by
36
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2
FWCI
2.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Delhi
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Health › Occupational Health and Global Justice
Keywords
outdoor workers, air pollution, extreme weather events, heat stress, lung function impairment, auto-rickshaw drivers, street vendors, sweepers, occupational health, vehicle emissions, smoking, musculoskeletal disorders, ocular symptoms, personal protective equipment, Delhi
MeSH terms
Extreme Weather, Air Pollution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Headache, Humans, India, Health Impact Assessment

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