Is there a casual relation between air pollution and dementia?
Open accessAbstract
Dementia has been cited as a critical public health risk in the contemporary world, while few empirical researchers try to reveal the casual relationship between air pollutant concentrations (APCs) and dementia, especially given the increasing prevalence of air pollution on a global scale. Accordingly, this paper tries to infer the causal relationship between APCs and dementia. The 59,605 valid data was compiled through a combination of the statistic from the China Family Panel Study, China Environmental Statistics Yearbook, World Meteorological Association and China National Bureau of Statistics. The RD design of this study utilizes the discontinuous variation in APCs and dementia as one crosses the Huai River boundary, which is an arbitrary heating policy that causes the significant difference in APCs between the north and south of China. We used stata17.0 to analyze the data. The results of the RD regression indicated that a 100 μ g/m 3 rise in APCs led to an increase of 42.4% in the hazard ratio of suffering dementia (Coeff=-0.58, SD= 0.23, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, heterogeneous models revealed that the hazard ratio of suffering dementia by APCs was more significant in the older compared to younger (coeff= 1.35 vs coeff= 1.55, P < 0.05), male compared to female (coeff= 1.62 vs coeff= 0.71, P < 0.05), smoking compared to non-smoke (coeff= 2.12 vs coeff= 0.93, P < 0.05), and thin groups compared to medium and obesity (coeff= 2.05 vs coeff= 1.22, coeff= 1.28, P < 0.05). In addition, the O3 and SO2 were the air pollutants with the highest (coeff= 1.54, P < 0.05) and lowest effects (coeff= 0.81, P < 0.05) on the hazard ratio of suffering dementia among the five APCs, respectively. And the robustness of the results was ensured by changing the RD bandwidth, polynomial order. The results indicated that APCs significantly induced the hazard ratio of suffering dementia of Chinese residents, which provides empirical evidence in supporting the Chinese government to invest more in combating air pollution and ensure the public health of Chinese residents.
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Higher air pollution is associated with a 42.4% higher dementia risk.
“A north-south difference in China's central heating policies led to differences in air pollution concentrations; higher air pollution (PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) was associated with a 42.4% higher dementia risk.(244)”
From Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission (2024) · cites this paper as [244]
The Introduction describes the north–south heating-policy difference and names the five pollutants. The Discussion reports a 42.4% increase in the hazard ratio of dementia, but specifically for a 100 μg/m³ rise in pollutant concentrations in a sample restricted to within 2° latitude of the Huai River boundary. The citing sentence omits those qualifications and describes the result as a higher dementia risk. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission
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- Authors
- Xie, J., & Lu, C.
- Affiliations
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Chuntian
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2022-11-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 23248-23262
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- PMC
- PMC9628405
- OpenAlex
- W4308160348
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental and Air Quality Management
- Keywords
- air pollution, dementia, causal relationship, Huai River, ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, smoking, body mass index, sex differences, age differences, Chinese population
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, China, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Particulate Matter
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