Polylactic acid (PLA) synthesis and modifications: a review

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Basic Properties of Polylactic Acid Produced by the Direct Condensation Polymerization of Lactic Acid

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Plasma surface modification of poly (l-lactic acid) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) films for improvement of nerve cells adhesion

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Surface modification of biodegradable electrospun nanofiber scaffolds and their interaction with fibroblasts

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A novel porous cells scaffold made of polylactide–dextran blend by combining phase-separation and particle-leaching techniques

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A Hierarchical Porous Bowl-like PLA@MSNs-COOH Composite for pH-Dominated Long-Term Controlled Release of Doxorubicin and Integrated Nanoparticle for Potential Second Treatment

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The Production Possibility of the Antimicrobial Filaments by Co-Extrusion of the PLA Pellet with Chitosan Powder for FDM 3D Printing Technology

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Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend film: effects of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene glycol) on the properties

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Biodegradable stent coatings on the basis of PLGA polymers of different molecular mass, sustaining a steady release of the thrombolityc enzyme streptokinase

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Green assessment of polymer microparticles production processes: a critical review

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Bioactive albumin functionalized polylactic acid membranes for improved biocompatibility

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Fundamental Influences of Induced Crystallization and Phase Separation on the Foaming Behavior of Poly(lactic acid)/Polyethylene Glycol Blends Blown with Compressed CO2

Ren, Q., Wang, J., Zhai, W., & Lee, R. E. (2016) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03266 · Cited by 35

Materials and applications of bioresorbable electronics

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Synthesis and characterization of tannin grafted polycaprolactone

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An Overview of the Synthesis and Synthetic Mechanism of Poly (Lactic acid)

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Mechanical and gas permeability properties of poly(L‐lactic acid)–based films and their application in fresh produce preservation—Review

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Development of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles-PECNs Loaded with Ampicillin by Means of Polyelectrolyte Complexation and Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization (UHPH)

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A review on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as a new multipurpose nanohybrid additive for poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid) hybrid composites

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Synthesis and structural characterization of cyclic indium thiolate complexes and their utility as initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters

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Bacterial Production of Hydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

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On briefing the surface modifications of polylactic acid: A scope for betterment of biomedical structures

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Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Biodegradable Stents with Different Strut Geometries

Chen, C., Xiong, Y., Jiang, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Chen, Y. (2019) · Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13239-019-00433-2 · Cited by 31

Preparation of antimicrobial and biodegradable hybrid soybean oil and poly (ʟ-lactide) based polymer with quaternized ammonium salt

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Mechanical and degradation properties in alkaline solution of poly(ethylene carbonate)/poly(lactic acid) blends

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Analysis of the rheological property and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid (Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D) at different process temperatures

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Synthesis and Characterization of PLA/Biochar Bio-Composites Containing Different Biochar Types and Content

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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (latic Acid) for Use in Biomedical Field

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Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Lactic Acid: State of the Art and Prospects

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One step bulk modification of poly(L-lactic acid) composites with functional additives to improve mechanical and biological properties for cardiovascular implant applications

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Lactic Acid Bacteria

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The Effect of Surface Treatment with Isocyanate and Aromatic Carbodiimide of Thermally Expanded Vermiculite Used as a Functional Filler for Polylactide-Based Composites

Barczewski, M., Mysiukiewicz, O., Hejna, A., Biskup, R., Szulc, J., Michałowski, S., Piasecki, A., & Kloziński, A. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13060890 · Cited by 27

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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The synergistic reinforcing effects of halloysite nanotube particles and polyolefin elastomer-grafted-maleic anhydride compatibilizer on melt and solid viscoelastic properties of polylactic acid/ polyolefin elastomer blends

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Properties of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite through the use of epoxy functional compatibilizers for biomedical application

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Properties of Micro- and Nano-Reinforced Biopolymers for Food Applications

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Degradation of Structurally Modified Polylactide under the Controlled Composting of Food Waste

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The Other Side of Plastics: Bioplastic-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems in the Brain

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Combination of polylactide with cellulose for biomedical applications: a recent overview

Kopańska, A., Brzeziński, M., & Draczyński, Z. (2023) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-023-05624-8 · Cited by 24

Unveiling the Future of Meat Packaging: Functional Biodegradable Packaging Preserving Meat Quality and Safety

Wongphan, P., Promhuad, K., Srisa, A., Laorenza, Y., Oushapjalaunchai, C., & Harnkarnsujarit, N. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16091232 · Cited by 23

Atomistic insights into the toughening role of surface-treated boron nitride nanosheets in PLA-based nanocomposites

Rastegar, S., & Montazeri, A. (2022) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111071 · Cited by 23

Aminolysis of polyesters for cracking and structure clarifying: A review

Rabiei, N., & Kish, M. H. (2022) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.5837 · Cited by 24

Synergistic preparation of a straw fiber/polylactic acid composite with high toughness and strength through interfacial compatibility enhancement and elastomer toughening

Ruan, J., Liao, C., Li, P., Li, X., & Zuo, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133621 · Cited by 23

Schiff's base (SB) modified zirconium dioxide reinforced PLA bio-composite film for industrial packaging applications

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Polylactic Acid Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Comprised of Wood and Tunicate CNCs Modified with Tannic Acid and Octadecylamine

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Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(lactic acid) Blend Films Prepared from Aqueous Dispersions

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Can poly(ε-caprolactone) crystals nucleate glassy polylactide?

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Microcellular foaming of poly(lactic acid) branched with food‐grade chain extenders

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Storage stability of the oxygen plasma-modified PLA film

Izdebska‐Podsiadły, J., & Dörsam, E. (2021) · Bulletin of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s12034-021-02355-z · Cited by 21

Natural/Synthetic Polymer Materials for Bioink Development

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Effect of the geometry of cellulose nanocrystals on morphology and mechanical performance of dynamically vulcanized PLA/PU blend

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Blends of Poly(butylene glutarate) and Poly(lactic acid) with Enhanced Ductility and Composting Performance

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On the Mechanism of Electron Beam Radiation-Induced Modification of Poly(lactic acid) for Applications in Biodegradable Food Packaging

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The construction of super-tough polylactide/crosslinked polyamide blends by dynamic vulcanization

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Bio-based and biodegradable polymers for composites: Sustainability, challenges, and future perspectives

Campos, B. M., Jouenne, J.-B., Begrem, S., Jouannot-Chesney, P., Mosrati, R., & Bréard, J. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.119306 · Cited by 18

Mechanochemical transformations of polysaccharides to value added products: a review with Green Chemistry evaluation

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Non-invasive characterization of hybrid gelatin:poly- l -lactide electrospun scaffolds using second harmonic generation and multiphoton imaging

Piccirillo, G., Ditaranto, M. V., Feuerer, N., Berrio, D. A. C., Brauchle, E., Pepe, A., Bochicchio, B., Schenke‐Layland, K., & Hinderer, S. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c8tb02026d · Cited by 18

Engineered Membranes for Residual Cell Trapping on Microfluidic Blood Plasma Separation Systems: A Comparison between Porous and Nanofibrous Membranes

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Poly(lactic acid) reinforced with synthetic polymer fibers: interactions, structure and properties

Ferdinánd, M., Várdai, R., Móczó, J., & Pukánszky, B. (2022) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107318 · Cited by 22

Calixarene-Metal Complexes in Lactide Polymerization: The Story so Far

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Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on PLA and TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with fluorocarbons

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Fabrication of recyclable nucleating agent and its effect on crystallization, gas barrier, thermal, and mechanical performance of Poly( -lactide)

Liu, J., Huang, M., Tao, J.-R., Weng, Y., & Wang, M. (2021) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124121 · Cited by 17

Synthesis of bioresorbable polymers for medical applications

Storti, G., & Lattuada, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100262-9.00008-2 · Cited by 18

Bioresorbable Materials and Their Application in Electronics

Huang, X. L. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290685 · Cited by 17

Renewable Resource-Based Polymers

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Enzymatic polymerization to polyesters in nonaqueous solvents

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Science and Dissemination for the UN Ocean Decade Outcomes: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

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B2O3 reinforced polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyethylene glycol shape memory composites

Pekdemir, M. E., Kök, M., Kanca, M. S., Öner, E. Ö., Pekdemi̇r, S. S., İnci, Ş., Kırbağ, S., & Tatar, B. (2022) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.5912 · Cited by 16

Discovering Natural Fiber-Insulation Boards and Natural Adhesives, Focused on a Polylactic Acid (PLA) Application – a Review

Cárdenas‐Oscanoa, A. J., Tayo, L. T., Huang, C., Huang, C., & Euring, M. (2024) · Journal of Natural Fibers · doi:10.1080/15440478.2024.2343371 · Cited by 15

Mechanical and Morphological Perspectives on PLA‐Based Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs): A Brief Review

Shahroodi, Z., Momeni, V., Moshkriz, A., Rajabifar, N., & Darvishi, R. (2024) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.202400209 · Cited by 15

Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl choline phosphate] functionalized polylactic acid film with improved degradation resistance both in vitro and in vivo

Xin, Q., Sun, T. S., Lu, M., Wang, Z., Song, K., Hu, D., Li, Z., Luo, J., Chen, X., Li, J., et al. (2019) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110630 · Cited by 15

Effect of various parameters on the chemical grafting of amide monomers to poly(lactic acid)

Zare, A., Morshed, M., Bagheri, R., & Karimi, K. (2013) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-013-1783-y · Cited by 15

Comparison of Light Intensity Effect on Microalgal Growth in Cactus-like and Cylindrical Photo Bioreactors

Hijazi, R., Mounsef, J. R., & Kanaan, H. Y. (2024) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr12081664 · Cited by 14

Sustained Release of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) from Poly(Lactic Acid) Functionalized 4-Hydroxythiobenzamide Microparticles to Protect Against Oxidative Damage

Do, A., Smith, R., Tobias, P., Carlsen, D., Pham, E. L., Bowden, N. B., & Salem, A. K. (2019) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-019-02270-9 · Cited by 14

Spermatogenesis induction of spermatogonial stem cells using nanofibrous poly( l ‐lactic acid)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube scaffolds and naringenin

Ghorbani, S., Eyni, H., Khosrowpour, Z., Asl, L. S., Shabani, R., Nazari, H., Mehdizadeh, M., Warkiani, M. E., & Amjadi, F. (2019) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.4733 · Cited by 14

Natural fiber reinforced biodegradable staples: Novel approach for efficient wound closure

Lalhmangaihzuali, P. C., Latha, B. D., More, N., Choppadandi, M., & Kapusetti, G. (2019) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.021 · Cited by 14

Bridging Green Chemistry and Circular Economy: A Pathway to Sustainable Polyester Plastics Through Feedstock, Synthesis, and Waste Upcycling

Li, J., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Gao, P., & Yang, J. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202521680 · Cited by 13

A Novel Hydrophilic, Antibacterial Chitosan-Based Coating Prepared by Ultrasonic Atomization Assisted LbL Assembly Technique

Wang, X., Zhou, Y., Johnson, M., Milne, C., Sigen, A., Li, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, N., & Xu, Q. (2023) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb14010043 · Cited by 13

Application of biodegradable implants in pediatric orthopedics: shifting from absorbable polymers to biodegradable metals

Lu, Y., Zhang, T., Chen, K., Canavese, F., Huang, C., Yang, H., Shi, J., He, W., Zheng, Y., & Chen, S. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.04.001 · Cited by 15

Poly(Lactic Acid)-co-Aspartic Acid Copolymers: Possible Utilization in Drug Delivery Systems

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Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Super-Tough PLLA/TPE/EMA-GMA Ternary Blends

Borůvka, M., Base, R., Novák, J., Brdlik, P. M., Běhálek, L., & Ngaowthong, C. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16020192 · Cited by 12

Economics and commercialization of bioplastics

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Recent progress in biosourced polylactic acid-based biocomposites for dentistry: A review

Pan, C., Gao, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., & Tang, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143528 · Cited by 12

Preparation and properties of oriented microcellular Poly(l-lactic acid) foaming material

Chen, Y., Yang, W., Hu, Z., Gao, X., Ye, J., Song, X., Chen, B., & Li, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.075 · Cited by 12

Strained metal bonding environments in methylindium dithiolates and their reactivity as initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters

Briand, G. G., Cairns, S. A., Decken, A., Dickie, C. M., Kostelnik, T. I., & Shaver, M. P. (2016) · Journal of Organometallic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.01.020 · Cited by 12

Hydrazide-hydrazone-modified polyamide as reinforcement and dispersion aid for poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

Hajibeygi, M., Faramarzinia, S., Shabanian, M., Norouzbahari, S., & Meier‐Haack, J. (2022) · Materials Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126497 · Cited by 12

Enzymatic Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced PLA Composite Material

Urinov, E., Hanstein, S. M., & Weidenkaff, A. (2022) · Macromol—A Journal of Macromolecular Research · doi:10.3390/macromol2040033 · Cited by 11

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

Paul, A., Sreedevi, K., Sharma, S. S., & Anjana, V. N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0710-4_44 · Cited by 11

Bio‐Based and Degradable Food Packaging Materials: Where Are They?

Bauer, M. G., Henkel, F., Gürer, U., & Lieleg, O. (2024) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.202400645 · Cited by 12

Biopolymer Based Nano-Structured Materials and Their Applications

Singh, T. V., & Shagolsem, L. S. (2020) · Materials horizons · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8307-0_17 · Cited by 11

Preparation and property analysis of extruded blown Guar gum based PBAT/PLA composite film: Approach towards sustainable packaging

Priyadarsini, P., Biswal, M., & Mohanty, S. (2024) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109399 · Cited by 10

Wood-fiber insulation boards produced with polylactic acid as a binder by hot press and hot air

Cárdenas‐Oscanoa, A. J., Tayo, L. T., Huang, C., Huang, C., Nayaka, D. S., & Euring, M. (2025) · European Journal of Wood and Wood Products · doi:10.1007/s00107-024-02153-4 · Cited by 10

Gold nanoparticle-based selective and efficient spectrophotometric assay for the insecticide methamidophos

Talha, A., Raja, D. A., Hussain, D., & Malik, M. I. (2024) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00604-024-06237-z · Cited by 10

Use of lithium aryloxides as promoters for preparation of α-hydroxy acid esters

Petrus, R., Fałat, P., & Sobota, P. (2019) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/c9dt03631h · Cited by 10

Trilayer composite scaffold for urethral reconstruction: in vitro evaluation of mechanical, biological, and angiogenic properties

Abbas, T. O., Parangusan, H., Yalcin, H. C., Hassan, M. K., Zakrif, L., Zandi, N., & Pennisi, C. P. (2024) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/ad1c9c · Cited by 9

Fabrication and characterization of poly(lactic acid-trimethylene carbonate) based biodegradable composite films

Yang, S., Chen, R., Zhang, P., Yuan, M., Li, H., & Jiang, D. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130148 · Cited by 9

Epoxy-Based Chain Extenders in Polylactic Acid (PLA): A Comprehensive Review of Structure, Performance, and Challenges

Duan, H., Shang, X., Wu, X., Ma, L., Chen, X., & Zhu, J. (2025) · Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering · doi:10.4236/msce.2025.131003 · Cited by 9

Poly( l ‐lactide)/four‐armed star poly( l ‐lactide)‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Preparation, rheology, crystallization, and mechanical properties

Jing, Z., Shi, X., & Zhang, G. (2015) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.23469 · Cited by 9

Tailoring Bulk and Surface Composition of Polylactides for Application in Engineering of Skeletal Tissues

Ferrer, G. G., Liedmann, A., Niepel, M. S., Liu, Z.-M., & Groth, T. (2017) · Advances in polymer science · doi:10.1007/12_2017_26 · Cited by 9

Renewable Polymers in Biomedical Applications: From the Bench to the Market

Francisco, R. C. L., Nossa, T. D. S., Lustri, W. R., Lombardo, G., Errea, M. I., & Trovatti, E. (2024) · JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS · doi:10.32604/jrm.2024.048957 · Cited by 8

Inkjet-Based 3D Food Printing for Sustainable Insect Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review and Prospective Materials

Badogu, K., & Kumar, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25994-4_9 · Cited by 8

Thoroughly Hydrophilized Electrospun Poly(L‐Lactide)/ Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Sponges for Tissue Engineering Application

Xu, C., Cheong, J. Y., Mo, X., Jérôme, V., Freitag, R., Agarwal, S., Gharibi, R., & Greiner, A. (2023) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202300143 · Cited by 8

A computer tool for the development of poly(lactic acid) synthesis process from renewable feedstock for biomanufacturing

Martinez, G. A. R., Lasprilla, A. J. R., Lunelli, B. H., Jardini, A. L., & Filho, R. M. (2011) · Computer-aided chemical engineering/Computer aided chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53711-9.50070-5 · Cited by 8

Natural Fiber‐Reinforced, Natural Resin‐Based Biocomposites: Fabrication, Properties, and Sustainable Applications

Karim, F., Begum, H. A., & Islam, M. R. (2026) · Advances in Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1155/amse/1139054 · Cited by 7

Hydrogel- and aerogel-based composites

Salleh, K. M., Armir, N. A. Z., Mazlan, N. S. N., Mostapha, M., Wang, C., & Zakaria, S. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823791-5.00019-3 · Cited by 7

Lightweight Natural Fiber Insulation Boards Produced with Kapok Fiber (Ceiba Pentandra) and Polylactic Acid or Bicomponent Fiber as a Binder

Cárdenas‐Oscanoa, A. J., Bonaccurso, E., Machunze, W., Euring, M., & Zhang, K. (2025) · Global Challenges · doi:10.1002/gch2.202400310 · Cited by 7

Bulk and surface modifications of polylactide

Wang, S., Cui, W., & Bei, J. (2005) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-004-2771-2 · Cited by 229

Synthesis, Modification and Application of Polylactic Acid

Xue, J. (2023) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/hset.v52i.8700 · Cited by 4

Chemical modifications of PLA through copolymerization

Puthumana, M., Krishnan, P. S. G., & Nayak, S. K. (2020) · International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization · doi:10.1080/1023666x.2020.1830650 · Cited by 74

Research Progress in Modification of Poly(lactic acid)

Wei, B. (2013) · China Plastics · Cited by 1

Research Progress in Chemical Modification of Poly(lactic acid)

Zheng, Y. (2009) · Cailiao daobao