The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Exploration of Problematic Smartphone Use among Chinese University Students: Associations with Academic Anxiety, Academic Procrastination, Self-Regulation and Subjective Wellbeing
Open accessAbstract
Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of studies that have investigated problematic and/or ‘addictive’ smartphone use. The present study explored the prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among Chinese university students. Few studies have investigated relationships between PSU and factors such as academic anxiety, academic procrastination, self-regulation, and subjective wellbeing. The present study proposed and tested a hypothetical model of relationships between PSU and these factors. A total of 475 Chinese university students completed a paper-based survey during class breaks. The survey comprised a battery of psychometric scales translated into Chinese translations examining the study variables (i.e., academic anxiety, academic procrastination, self-regulation, life satisfaction, and PSU). Path analysis was applied to test the hypothetical model. A good model fit was found (CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.008), in which PSU predicted academic procrastination ( β = 0.21, p < 0.001) and academic anxiety ( β = 0.18, p < 0.01). Also, self-regulation predicted PSU ( β = − 0.35, p < 0.001), academic anxiety ( β = − 0.29, p < 0.001), academic procrastination ( β = 0.23, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction ( β = 0.23, p < 0.001). PSU mediated the relationships between self-regulation, and both academic anxiety and academic procrastination. The present study enhances our understanding of the role of problematic smartphone use in relation to academic behaviour, mental health and wellbeing of college students.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Nuestra investigación coincide con los datos de otras investigaciones que vinculan el uso conflictivo de las redes sociales con un menor rendimiento académico (Dontre, 2021; Lv & Wang, 2023; Yang et al., 2019).”
From Phubbing y redes sociales: Análisis de una muestra de universitarios del Perú: El phubbing (2025) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2019
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 · Cited by 14,542
Handbook of Positive Psychology
(2001) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195135336.001.0001 · Cited by 9,158
Pekrun, R. (2006) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9 · Cited by 5,566 · cited 1×
“Control-value theory (Pekrun 2006) offers a theoretical framework for studies of academic anxiety and indicates that academic anxiety can be associated with learning strategies and self-regulation.”
BackgroundInternet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder
YOUNG, K. S. (1998) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237 · Cited by 5,513
Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Third Edition
Byrne, B. M. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315757421 · Cited by 4,653
Steel, P. (2007) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 · Cited by 3,417 · cited 1×
“Steel (2007) defined procrastination as ‘voluntarily delay[ing] an intended course of action despite expecting to be worse off for the delay’ (p. 7).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modelling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
- Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., & Perry, R. P. (2005). Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). User’s manual. Munich: Department of Psychology, University of Munich.
- Wang, H., Huang, H., & Wu, H. M. (2014). Relationship between personality and mobile phone addiction: A mediating role of social anxiety. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3, 447–450.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–241 of 241
Student procrastination analysis in virtual learning environments
Hashmani, M. A., Memon, M. M., Ebrahim, M., Raza, K., & Arain, A. A. (2022) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0072423
محمود, أ. (2023) · المجلة العلمية المحکمة للجمعية المصرية للکمبيوتر التعليمي · doi:10.21608/eaec.2023.172317.1114
Mobile Application as Community Social Media
Pahlevi, T. R., Haryanto, J., Adha, R., Alfian, B., Warnars, H. L. H. S., & Widiono, R. (2023) · International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT) · doi:10.1109/icict57646.2023.10133965
Goal Orientation and Self-Regulation of Job Readiness
Prastika, N. D., Adriansyah, M. A., Rahmah, D. D. N., Diana, D., & Rizqfino, F. R. (2023) · Journal of Namibian Studies History Politics Culture · doi:10.59670/jns.v34i.1479
Kia, M. S., Hashemian, K., & Abolmaali, K. (2023) · journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies · doi:10.61186/jayps.4.4.1
Mujidin, M., Rustam, H. K., & Salsabella, D. S. (2023) · Asian Journal of Science Education · doi:10.24815/ajse.v5i2.33193
Family Functioning Influences on Smartphone Addiction among Muslim Adolescents in Southern ThailandPreprint
Kim, Y., Dhammasaccakarn, W., Laeheem, K., & Rinthaisong, I. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0562.v1
Correlates of Smartphone Addiction Among Thai Muslim Adolescents: The Role of FamilyPreprint
Kim, Y., Dhammasaccakarn, W., Laeheem, K., & Rinthaisong, I. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0562.v2
Belongs to Tomorrow—Outcomes and Interventions for Academic Procrastination
董, 锐. (2023) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2023.12121025
Domínguez-Lara, S., Sánchez‐Villena, A. R., Aranda, M., Gutiérrez, V. F., & Domingo, M. G. (2023) · African journal of rhetoric · doi:10.21134/haaj.v23i2.769 · Cited by 5
Qian, L., & Hu, W. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4961811
黄, 兰. (2024) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2024.1310927
Sindhu, C. V., & Devaseelan, S. (2025) · International Journal of Health Sciences and Pharmacy · doi:10.47992/ijhsp.2581.6411.0128 · Cited by 1
Yıldız, N., Esentürk, O. K., Seçer, E., & İlhan, E. L. (2025) · Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.61962/bsd.1614267
Kim, J., & Chun, J. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2025.2486198
Su, D., & Wong, B. Y. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251343961 · Cited by 1
Shi, Y., Yu-peng, L., & Yu, Z. (2025) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941251351232 · Cited by 3
Bütün, F., & Saylık, F. Z. (2025) · Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.47525/ulasbid.1686327 · Cited by 2
Problemli Mobil Telefon Kullanımının Açıklamasında Yalnızlık ve Ertelemenin Rolü
Sarı, S. (2025) · Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.29299/kefad.1520390
Nauman, S., Bhatti, H. Y., & Malik, S. Z. (2025) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2563660
沈, 佩. (2025) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2025.151037
The Neurobiological mechanisms of problematic smartphone use in adolescents: a systematic review
Aguirre-Peñafiel, V., & Matar-Khalil, S. (2025) · CES Psicología · doi:10.21615/cesp.7758
Wang, H., Zhou, K., & Wei, X. (2025) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2576802
Zeidan, J., Hallit, S., Akel, M., Louragli, I., & Obeïd, S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16590917
Tekeci, Y., Cemali, M., Çelik, S. B., & Altuntaş, O. (2025) · Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.21020/husbfd.1826640
Nwagu, C., Banire, B., Ataguba, G., Meier, S. M., & Orji, R. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2605522
Lone, A., & Mufarreh, M. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1725503 · Cited by 1
Ameyaw, S., Boateng, F. A., Tawiah, E. M., & Attafuah, H. F. (2026) · African Quarterly Social Science Review · doi:10.51867/aqssr.3.1.14
Smartphone Addiction and Academic Stress: The Mediating Role of Academic Procrastination
Wilhelmina, T. M., & Nugraha, A. D. (2026) · Journal Psikogenesis · doi:10.24854/jps.v13i2.5658
Soares, A. K. S., D’auria, B. B., Lima, J. J. D. M., Alves, R. T., Loubet, R. M., Martins, A. M., Anache, A. A., & Silva, D. S. (2025) · Diversitas · doi:10.15332/22563067.10193
Моторная, С. (2026) · Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies) · doi:10.17513/snt.40754
Introducing gamified reputation metrics for self-regulating user behavior in social media
Hajarian, M., Dı́az, P., & Aedo, I. (2026) · Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.is.2026.102771
A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Exercise Procrastination Between 1976 and 2025
Yasan, H. B., & Köse, E. (2026) · International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science · doi:10.46463/ijrss.1913116
Artificial intelligence and academic anxiety? a meta-analysis
Wang, W., Diao, L., & Yu, J. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05018-y
Khatun, S., Ridoy, M. M. H., Noman, A. H., Sharon, M. M. H., Mia, M. R., Islam, J., Himel, S. H., & Shahrier, M. A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353865
Huang, J., Liu, Y., Ai, Y., & Gong, J. (2026) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108801
Academic procrastination at three levels: The DEferral dispLAY (DELAY3) framework
Bäulke, L., Nagengast, B., & Trautwein, U. (2026) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2026.2686109
Chen, Y., Zheng, X., & Yan, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1942617
Hu, Z., Lin, Y., Wang, Z., & Liu, Q. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-026-01737-w
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, Z., Asbury, K., & Griffiths, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Zeyang
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
- Published
- 2018-07-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 596-614
- ISSN
- 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1882
- OpenAlex
- W2874553049
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 39.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of York
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- smartphone addiction, academic anxiety, academic procrastination, self-regulation, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, university students, Chinese students, academic behavior, mental health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review