Cited by 15Nanotechnology research and applicationsElectrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical ApplicationsNeuroscience and Neural Engineering

The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.

Nanotechnology and quantum science enabled advances in neurological medical applications: diagnostics and treatments

Batool, Sadia, Nabipour, Hafezeh, Ramakrishna, Seeram, Mozafari, Masoud·2022·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing

Abstract

The beginning of the twenty-first century saw advancements in all areas of life, including medicine and nanotechnology. This review will look at the most recent advances in nanomaterials for diagnostics and treatments. The emphasis is on the application of nanofibers, nanosensors, and quantum dots (QDs) in medication delivery, neuron regeneration, chemical detection, and microelectrode probes. The manufacture of implantable nanofibers and nanosensors based on QDs, and their application-specific features impacting the interface with targeted brain cells were described. The collaborative efforts have helped us to understand the potential of nanostructured materials in fabrication to overcome the limits of micro and bulk materials in treatments and diagnostics. These advancements will eventually lead to using nanostructures, including nanofibers and nanosensors, in high throughput cutting-edge applications. Only when extensive safety investigations have been completed may the use of nanomaterials on an industrial basis be viable. This review discusses the recent advances in the usage of nanostructures and nanoparticles (NPs) for diagnostics and treatments, with a special focus on nanofibers, nanosensors, and quantum dots (QDs) applications in drug delivery, nerve regeneration, chemical detection, and microelectrode probes.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11517-022-02664-3

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 75 · Cited by 15

Research works printed but not linked: 75

  1. Shi J, Votruba AR, Farokhzad OC, Langer R (2010) Nanotechnology in drug delivery and tissue engineering: from discovery to applications. Nano Lett 10(9):3223–3230. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102184c · DOI
  2. Miller SJ, Philips T, Kim N, Dastgheyb R et al (2019) Molecularly defined cortical astroglia subpopulation modulates neurons via secretion of Norrin. Nature Neurosci 22(5):741. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0366-7 · DOI
  3. Gilmore JL, Yi X, Quan L, Kabanov AV (2008) Novel nanomaterials for clinical neuroscience. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol 3(2):83–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-007-9099-6 · DOI
  4. Saeid K, Ramakrishna S, Mozafari M (2019) Chemistry of biomaterials: future prospects. Curr Opin Biomed Eng 10:181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobme.2019.07.003 · DOI
  5. Moser E, Moser MB (2014) Mapping your every move. Cerebrum: the Dana forum on brain science. 2014: 25009694. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27041.001 · DOI
  6. Angle MR, Cui B, Melosh NA (2015) Nanotechnology and neurophysiology. Curr Opin Neurobiol 32:132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2015.03.014 · DOI
  7. Kumar A, Tan A, Wong J, Spagnoli JC, Lam J, Blevins BD, Natasha G, Thorne L, Ashkan K, Xie J, Liu H (2017) Nanotechnology for neuroscience: promising approaches for diagnostics, therapeutics and brain activity mapping. Adv Funct Mater 27(39):1700489. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201700489 · DOI
  8. Das S, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Fawcett JW, Bora U (2016) Bio-inspired nano tools for neuroscience. Prog Neurobiol 142:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.008 · DOI
  9. Alexander A, Siddique S, Ajazuddin S, Shehata AM, Shaker MA, Rahman SAU, Iqbal M, Abdul M, Shaker MA (2019) Nanotechnology: a non-invasive diagnosis and therapeutic tool for brain disorders. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 13(10):118–123. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2019.5008 · DOI
  10. Amunts K, Ebell C, Muller J, Telefont M, Knoll A, Lippert T (2016) The human brain project: creating a European research infrastructure to decode the human brain. Neuron 92(3):574–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.046 · DOI
  11. Shahjouei S, Sadeghi-Naini M, Yang Z, Kobeissy F, Rathore D, Shokraneh F, Wang KK (2018) The diagnostic values of UCH-L1 in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. Brain Inj 32(1):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1382717 · DOI
  12. Yang X, McGlynn E, Das R, Paşca SP, Cui B, Heidari H (2021) Nanotechnology enables novel modalities for neuromodulation. Adv Mater 33(52):2103208. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202103208 · DOI
  13. Suh WH, Suslick KS, Stucky GD, Suh YH (2009) Nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, and neuroscience. Prog Neurobiol 87(3):133–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.009 · DOI
  14. Kang M, Jung S, Zhang H, Kang T, Kang H, Yoo Y, Kim B (2014) Subcellular neural probes from single-crystal gold nanowires. ACS Nano 8(8):8182–8189. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5024522 · DOI
  15. Liu Q, Zhao C, Chen M, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Wu F, Zhou C (2020) Flexible multiplexed In2O3 nanoribbon aptamer-field-effect transistors for biosensing. Iscience 23(9):10146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101469 · DOI
  16. Zhang W, Huang Z, Pu X, Chen X, Yin G, Wang L, Gao F (2020) Fabrication of doxorubicin and chlorotoxin-linked Eu-Gd2O3 nanorods with dual-model imaging and targeted therapy of brain tumor. Chin Chem Lett 31(1):285–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.018 · DOI
  17. Saleh MY, Prajapati N, DeCoster MA, Lvov Y (2020) Tagged halloysite nanotubes as a carrier for intercellular delivery in brain microvascular endothelium. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00451 · DOI
  18. Yan H, Wang L, Wang J, Weng X, Lei H, Wang X, Li C (2012) Two-order targeted brain tumor imaging by using an optical/paramagnetic nanoprobe across the blood brain barrier. ACS Nano 6(1):410–420. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn203749v · DOI
  19. Kreuter J, Ramge P, Petrov V, Hamm S, Gelperina SE, Engelhardt B, Begley DJ (2003) Direct evidence that polysorbate-80-coated poly (butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles deliver drugs to the CNS via specific mechanisms requiring prior binding of drug to the nanoparticles. Pharm Res 20:409–416. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022604120952 · DOI
  20. Liu L, Venkatraman SS, Yang YY, Guo K, Lu J, He B, Moochhala S, Kan L (2008) Polymeric micelles anchored with TAT for delivery of antibiotics across the blood–brain barrier. Peptide Sci 90:617–623. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.20998 · DOI
  21. Baklaushev VP, Nukolova NN, Khalansky AS et al (2015) Treatment of glioma by cisplatin-loaded nanogels conjugated with monoclonal antibodies against Cx43 and BSAT1. Drug Deliv 22:276–285. https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2013.876460 · DOI
  22. Xia H, Gao X, Gu G, Liu Z, Zeng N, Hu Q, Chen J (2011) Low molecular weight protamine-functionalized nanoparticles for drug delivery to the brain after intranasal administration. Biomaterials 32:9888–9898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.004 · DOI
  23. Katare YK, Daya RP, Sookram Gray C, Luckham RE, Bhandari J, Chauhan AS, Mishra RK (2015) Brain targeting of a water insoluble antipsychotic drug haloperidol via the intranasal route using PAMAM dendrimer. Mol Pharmaceut 12:3380–3388. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00402 · DOI
  24. Neuwelt EA, Várallyay P, Bagó AG, Muldoon LL, Nesbit G, Nixon R (2004) Imaging of iron oxide nanoparticles by MR and light microscopy in patients with malignant brain tumours. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 30:456–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00557.x · DOI
  25. Kim SG, Harel N, Jin T, Kim T, Lee P, Zhao F (2013) Cerebral blood volume MRI with intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. NMR Biomed 26:949–962. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.2885 · DOI
  26. Hainfeld JF, Smilowitz HM, O’Connor MJ, Dilmanian FA, Slatkin DN (2013) Gold nanoparticle imaging and radiotherapy of brain tumors in mice. Nanomedicine 8(10):1601–1609. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.12.165 · DOI
  27. Miladi I, Alric C, Dufort S, Mowat P et al (2014) The in vivo radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles based MRI contrast agents. Small 10:1116–1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201302303 · DOI
  28. Wu QL, Xu HL, Xiong C, Lan QH, Fang ML, Cai JH, Lu CT (2020) c (RGDyk)-modified nanoparticles encapsulating quantum dots as a stable fluorescence probe for imaging-guided surgical resection of glioma under the auxiliary UTMD. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 48(1):143–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1699821 · DOI
  29. Bini TB, Gao S, Wang S, Ramakrishna S (2006) Poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) biodegradable microfibers and electrospun nanofibers for nerve tissue engineering: an in vitro study. J Mater Sci 41:6453–6459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0714-3 · DOI
  30. Thompson ZS, Rijal NP, Jarvis D, Edwards A, Bhattarai N (2016) Synthesis of keratin-based nanofiber for biomedical engineering. JoVE 108:e53381. https://doi.org/10.3791/53381 · DOI
  31. Maryam R, Mozafari M (2018) Protein adsorption on polymers. Mater Today Commun 17:527–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.024 · DOI
  32. Guo Y, Werner CF, Canales A, Yu L, Jia X, Anikeeva P, Yoshinobu T (2020) Polymer-fiber-coupled field-effect sensors for label-free deep brain recordings. PLoS ONE 15:e0228076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228076 · DOI
  33. Rodthongkum N, Ruecha N, Rangkupan R, Vachet RW, Chailapakul O (2013) Graphene-loaded nanofiber-modified electrodes for the ultrasensitive determination of dopamine. Anal Chim Acta 804:84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.057 · DOI
  34. Khan MQ, Kharaghani D, Nishat N, Ishikawa T, Ullah S, Lee H, Khatri Z, Kim IS (2019) The development of nanofiber tubes based on nanocomposites of polyvinylpyrrolidone incorporated gold nanoparticles as scaffolds for neuroscience application in axons. Text Res J 89(13):2713–2720. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517518801185 · DOI
  35. Kenry LCT (2017) Beyond the current state of the syntheses and applications of nanofiber technology. Prog Polym Sci 70:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.002 · DOI
  36. Niece KL, Hartgerink JD, Donners JJ, Stupp SI (2003) Self-assembly combining two bioactive peptide-amphiphile molecules into nanofibers by electrostatic attraction. J Am Chem Soc 125(24):7146–7147. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja028215r · DOI
  37. Xing X, Wang Y, Li B (2008) Nanofiber drawing and nanodevice assembly in poly (trimethylene terephthalate). Opt Express 16(14):10815–10822. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.010815 · DOI
  38. Sawicka K, Gouma P, Simon S (2005) Electrospun biocomposite nanofibers for urea biosensing. Sensor Actuators B-Chem 108(1–2):585–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.013 · DOI
  39. Eatemadi A, Daraee H, Zarghami N, Melat Yar H, Akbarzadeh A (2016) Nanofiber: synthesis and biomedical applications. Artif Cell Nanomed B 44(1):111–121. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.922568 · DOI
  40. Rahmati M, Mills DK, Urbanska AM, Saeb M, Venugopal JR, Ramakrishna S, Mozafari M (2020) Electrospinning for tissue engineering applications. Prog Mater Sci 100721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100721 · DOI
  41. Bogue R (2009) Nanosensors: a review of recent research. Sens Rev 29(4):310–315. https://doi.org/10.1108/02602280910986539 · DOI
  42. Srivastava AK, Dev A, Karmakar S (2018) Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture. Environ Chem Lett 16(1):161–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0674-7 · DOI
  43. Li C, Chou TW (2006) Atomistic modeling of carbon nanotube-based mechanical sensors. J Intell Material Syst Struct 17(3):247–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X06058622 · DOI
  44. Huang Y, Ding M, Guo T, Hu D, Cao Y, Jin L, Guan BO (2017) A fiber-optic sensor for neurotransmitters with ultralow concentration: near-infrared plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement using raspberry-like meso-SiO2 nanospheres. Nanoscale 9(39):14929–14936. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR05032A · DOI
  45. Rong G, Tuttle EE, Reilly AN, Clark HA (2019) Recent developments in nanosensors for imaging applications in biological systems. Annu Rev Anal Chem 12:109–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125747 · DOI
  46. Nascimento RA, Özel RE, Mak WH, Mulato M, Singaram B, Pourmand N (2016) Single cell “glucose nanosensor” verifies elevated glucose levels in individual cancer cells. Nano lett 16:1194–1200. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04495 · DOI
  47. Khongkow M, Yata T, Boonrungsiman S, Ruktanonchai UR, Graham D, Namdee K (2019) Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with neuron-targeted exosome for enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration. Sci Rep 9(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44569-6 · DOI
  48. Vilella A, Belletti D, Sauer AK, Hagmeyer S, Sarowar T, Masoni M, Grabrucker AM (2018) Reduced plaque size and inflammation in the APP23 mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease after chronic application of polymeric nanoparticles for CNS targeted zinc delivery. J Trace Elem Med Biol 49:210–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.12.006 · DOI
  49. Aguilera G, Berry CC, West RM, Gonzalez-Monterrubio E, Angulo-Molina A, Arias-Carrión Ó, Méndez-Rojas MÁ (2019) Carboxymethyl cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles transport across a human lung microvascular endothelial cell model of the blood–brain barrier. Nanoscale Adv 1(2):671–685. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NA00010G · DOI
  50. Cheng Y, Dai Q, Morshed RA, Fan X, Michelle L, Wegscheid ML et al (2014) Blood-brain barrier permeable gold nanoparticles: an efficient delivery platform for enhanced malignant glioma therapy and imaging. Small (24):5137–5150. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201400654 · DOI
  51. Dong J, Wang K, Sun L, Sun B, Yang M, Chen H, Dong L (2018) Application of graphene quantum dots for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and tumor-targeted drug delivery. Sens Actuators B: Chem 256:616–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.200 · DOI
  52. Imamura Y, Yamada S, Tsuboi S, Nakane Y, Tsukasaki Y, Komatsuzaki A, Jin T (2016) Near-infrared emitting PbS quantum dots for in vivo fluorescence imaging of the thrombotic state in septic mouse brain. Molecules 21(8):1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081080 · DOI
  53. Guo X, Lie Q, Liu Y, Jia Z, Gong Y, Yuan X, Liu J (2021) Multifunctional selenium quantum dots for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by reducing Aβ-neurotoxicity and oxidative stress and alleviate neuroinflammation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13(26):30261–30273. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c00690 · DOI
  54. Campbell E, Hasan MT, Gonzalez Rodriguez R, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV (2019) Doped graphene quantum dots for intracellular multicolor imaging and cancer detection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 5(9):4671–4682. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00603 · DOI
  55. Garrudo FF, Chapman CA, Hoffman PR, Udangawa RW, Silva JC, Mikael PE, Linhardt RJ (2019) Polyaniline-polycaprolactone blended nanofibers for neural cell culture. Eur Polym J 117:28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.048 · DOI
  56. Wang DP, Jin KY, Zhao P, Lin Q, Kang K, Hai J (2021) Neuroprotective effects of VEGF-A nanofiber membrane and FAAH inhibitor URB597 against oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced ischemic neuronal injury. Int J Nanomedicine 16:3661. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S307335 · DOI
  57. Steffens L, Morás AM, Arantes PR, Masterson K, Cao Z, Nugent M, Moura DJ (2020) Electrospun PVA-dacarbazine nanofibers as a novel nano brain-implant for treatment of glioblastoma: in silico and in vitro characterization. Eur J Pharm Sci 143:105183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105183 · DOI
  58. Nakielski P, Kowalczyk T, Zembrzycki K, Kowalewski TA (2015) Experimental and numerical evaluation of drug release from nanofiber mats to brain tissue. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 103 (2): 282–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33197 · DOI
  59. Yan L, Zhao B, Liu X, Li X, Zeng C, Shi H, Xu X, Lin T, Dai L, Liu Y (2016) Aligned nanofibers from polypyrrole/graphene as electrodes for regeneration of optic nerve via electrical stimulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:6834–6840. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12843 · DOI
  60. Wu X, He L, Li W, Li H, Wong WM, Ramakrishna S, Wu W (2017) Functional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel for peripheral nerve regeneration. Regen Biomater 4(1):21–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbw034 · DOI
  61. Koutsopoulos S (2016) Self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: progress, design guidelines, and applications. J Biomed Mater Res B 104(4):1002–1016. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35638 · DOI
  62. Nune M, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S (2019) Peptide nanostructures on nanofibers for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 13(6):1059–1070. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2860 · DOI
  63. Feng ZQ, Wang T, Zhao B, Li J, Jin L (2015) Soft graphene nanofibers designed for the acceleration of nerve growth and development. Adv Mater 27:6462–6468. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503319 · DOI
  64. Guo Y, Jiang S, Grena BJ, Kimbrough IF, Thompson EG, Fink Y, Sontheimer H, Yoshinobu T, Jia X (2017) Polymer composite with carbon nanofibers aligned during thermal drawing as a microelectrode for chronic neural interfaces. ACS Nano 11(7):6574–6658. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b07550 · DOI
  65. Yang G, Kampstra KL, Abidian MR (2014) High performance conducting polymer nanofiber biosensors for detection of biomolecules. Adv Mater 26(29):4954–4960. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400753 · DOI
  66. Rong G, Kim EH, Qiang Y, Di W, Zhong Y, Zhao X, Fang H, Clark HA (2018) Imaging sodium flux during action potentials in neurons with fluorescenanont nanosensors and transparent microelectrodes. ACS sensors 3(12):2499–2505. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.8b00903 · DOI
  67. Ansari AQ, Ansari SJ, Khan MQ, Khan MF, Qureshi UA, Khatri Z, Ahmad F, Kim IS (2019) Electrospun Zein nanofibers as drug carriers for controlled delivery of Levodopa in Parkinson syndrome. Mater Res Express 6(7):075405. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab16bf · DOI
  68. Wang J, Tian L, He L, Chen N, Ramakrishna S, So KF, Mo X (2018) Lycium barbarum polysaccharide encapsulated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid Nanofibers: cost effective herbal medicine for potential application in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Sci Rep 8(1):8669. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26837-z · DOI
  69. Nguyen LH, Gao M, Lin J, Wu W, Wang J, Chew SY (2017) Three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold for controlled non-viral drug/gene delivery to direct axon regeneration in spinal cord injury treatment. Sci Rep 7:42212. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42212 · DOI
  70. Hembury M, Chiappini C, Bertazzo S et al (2015) Gold–silica quantum rattles for multimodal imaging and therapy. PNAS 112:1959–1964. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419622112 · DOI
  71. Luo Y, Kim EH, Flask CA, Clark HA (2018) Nanosensors for the chemical imaging of acetylcholine using magnetic resonance imaging. ACS Nano 12(6):5761–5773. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b01640 · DOI
  72. Layton KN, Abidian MR (2011) Conducting polymer nanofiber-based biosensor for detection of neurochemicals. 2011 5th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering: 298–301. https://doi.org/10.1109/NER.2011.5910546 · DOI
  73. Shi Y, Pan Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li MJ, Yi C, Yang M (2014) A dual-mode nanosensor based on carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for discriminative detection of glutathione in human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 56:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.038 · DOI
  74. Kruss S, Salem DP, Vuković L, Lima B, Vander Ende E, Boyden ES, Strano MS (2017) High-resolution imaging of cellular dopamine efflux using a fluorescent nanosensor array. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:1789–1794. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613541114 · DOI
  75. Zhou X, Ma P, Wang A, Yu C, Qian T, Wu S, Shen J (2015) Dopamine fluorescent sensors based on polypyrrole/graphene quantum dots core/shell hybrids. Biosens Bioelectron 64:404–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.038 · DOI

Metadata

Authors
Batool, S., Nabipour, H., Ramakrishna, S., & Mozafari, M.
Affiliations
  • Rawalpindi Women University (PK)
  • Western University (CA)
  • National University of Singapore (SG)
  • Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Mozafari, Masoud
Venue
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
Published
2022-10-08
Volume
60
Issue
12
Pages
3341-3356
ISSN
  • 0140-0118 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-0444
OpenAlex
W4303492040
Cited by
15
References
75
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › General Materials Science › Nanotechnology research and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Keywords
nanotechnology, quantum dots, nanofibers, nanosensors, drug delivery, nerve regeneration, chemical detection, nanomaterials, nanomedicine, nanoparticle safety
MeSH terms
Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Quantum Dots, Nanostructures, Nanoparticles

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review