Pajama time: working after work in the electronic health record
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Outside office hours, physicians spend an additional 1 to 2 hours of personal time doing computer and clerical work.
“Outside office hours, physicians spend another 1 to 2 hours of personal time doing additional computer and clerical work, giving rise to the term “pajama time.””
From Effect of an Electronic Health Record-Based Intervention on Documentation Practices (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results report that 573 ambulatory physicians averaged 83.3 minutes in the EHR on days without appointments, but only 17.3 minutes after hours on days with appointments. The paper supports the existence of work outside scheduled hours, not an unqualified claim that physicians spend another 1–2 hours after office hours. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Shanafelt, T. D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Dyrbye, L. N., Sotile, W., Satele, D., West, C. P., Sloan, J., & Oreskovich, M. R. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199 · Cited by 3,439 · see citing works
Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians: A Systematic Review
Rotenstein, L. S., Torre, M., Ramos, M. A., Rosales, R. C., Guille, C., Sen, S., & Mata, D. A. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.12777 · Cited by 1,904 · see citing works
Shanafelt, T. D., Dyrbye, L. N., Sinsky, C., Hasan, O., Satele, D., Sloan, J., & West, C. P. (2016) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.05.007 · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works
Arndt, B. G., Beasley, J. W., Watkinson, M. D., Temte, J. L., Tuan, W.-J., Sinsky, C. A., & Gilchrist, V. J. (2017) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.2121 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Physician stress and burnout: the impact of health information technology
Gardner, R. L., Cooper, E., Haskell, J., Harris, D. A., Poplau, S., Kroth, P. J., & Linzer, M. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy145 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Physician Burnout in Wisconsin: An Alarming Trend Affecting Physician Wellness.
Hauer, A., Waukau, H. J., & Welch, P. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Ambient artificial intelligence scribes to alleviate the burden of clinical documentation.
Tierney, A. A., Gayre, G., Hoberman, B., Mattern, B., Ballesca, M., Kipnis, P., Liu, V., & Lee, K. (2024) · NEJM Catalyst · doi:10.1056/cat.23.0404 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Moy, A. J., Schwartz, J. M., Chen, R., Sadri, S., Lucas, E., Cato, K. D., & Rossetti, S. C. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa325 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“Units of analysis also included average hours per day, per week, or per month (n1⁄46)(22,29,43,63,71,72) and average minutes per day, per week, per shift, or per clinical full-time equivalent per week (n1⁄47).(27,55,61,64,66,73,78) We have organized these units of analysis into 2 levels for combination in individual m…”
BackgroundThe impact of nuance DAX ambient listening AI documentation: a cohort study.
Haberle, T., Cleveland, C., Snow, G. L., Barber, C., Stookey, N., Thornock, C., Younger, L., Mullahkhel, B., & Ize-Ludlow, D. (2024) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae022 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Allen, M. R., Webb, S., Mandvi, A., Frieden, M., Tai-Seale, M., & Kallenberg, G. (2024) · BMC Primary Care · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02282-y · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Kanaparthy, N. S., Villuendas-Rey, Y., Bakare, T., Diao, Z., Iscoe, M., Loza, A., Wright, D., Safranek, C., Faustino, I. V., Brackett, A., et al. (2025) · JMIR AI · doi:10.2196/76743 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Beiser, M., Lu, V., Paul, S., Ni, J., Nazar, N., Epstein, E., Mammen, A., Short, J., Tomer, Y., & Jariwala, S. P. (2021) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2020.0490 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effect of an Electronic Health Record-Based Intervention on Documentation Practices
Shah, S., Bedgood, M., Devon-Sand, A., Dolphin-Dempsey, C., Cherukuri, V., Weng, K., Lin, S., & Sharp, C. (2024) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/a-2367-8564 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Saag, H. S., Shah, K., Jones, S. A., Testa, P. A., & Horwitz, L. I.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2019-05-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1695-1696
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC6712097
- OpenAlex
- W2944454852
- Semantic Scholar
- b440218b1ba8a1148296a69dd0b5d39ec43bbc7a
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- School of Medicine, New York University
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Keywords
- electronic health records, physician work hours
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Humans, Physicians, Work Schedule Tolerance, Workload, Electronic Health Records
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