Differential brain activations in adult attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder subtypes: a counting Stroop functional MRI study
Abstract
Although previous functional neuroimaging studies have found abnormal brain activations in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little was known about distinct brain dysfunctions across different ADHD subtypes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the abnormal brain activations associated with two ADHD subtypes, predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI) and combined (ADHD-C) subtypes. Twenty-five adults with ADHD-PI, 25 with ADHD-C, and 30 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. The brain function of the participants were assessed by using the counting Stroop task inside the scanner and the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) outside the scanner. The HC group showed greater activations in the caudate nucleus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C groups. The ADHD-PI group showed greater activations in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) than the ADHD-C group. In all participants with ADHD, we found negative correlations of activation in the left caudate and the left IFG with the standard deviation of the reaction time of the CCPT, and negative correlations of activation in the left SPL with the reaction time changes across different inter-stimulus intervals. Our results demonstrated altered brain activity in the frontostriatal networks of adults with ADHD-PI and the fronto-striato-parietal networks of adults with ADHD-C. Abnormalities in the parietal areas may represent the main difference between…
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On a neural level, RTV has been associated with smaller white matter tracts in the late developing fronto-parietal attention (superior longitudinal fasciculus) and cortico-thalamic cognitive control tracts and reduced activation in fronto-striatal and superior temporal activation in children and adults with ADHD.
“In line with a role in attention and self-control, on a neural level, RTV has been associated with smaller white matter tracts in the late developing fronto-parietal attention (superior longitudinal fasciculus) and cortico-thalamic cognitive control tracts and reduced activation in fronto-striatal and superior temporal activation in children and adults with ADHD (18, 67–70), suggesting an”
From Differential effects of a single dose of Lisdexamfetamine and Guanfacine on cognitive function in children with ADHD (2025) · cites this paper as [70]
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“However, separate analyses could not be performed on ADHD subtypes since different results for subtypes were not usually reported in the literature (Cortese et al. 2012).”
InfluentialRelations Between Continuous Performance Test Performance Measures and ADHD Behaviors
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El Masri, S., Kowalczyk, O. S., Chiu, T. H., Criaud, M., Lukito, S., Mazibuko, N., Salazar de Pablo, G., Perez Rodriguez, V., Makos, O., Lam, S.-L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1676472
- Authors
- Shang, C.-Y., Sheng, C., Yang, L.-K., Chou, T.-L., & Gau, S. S.-F.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Tri-Service General Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chou, Tai-Li
- Gau, Susan Shur-Fen
- Venue
- Brain Imaging and Behavior
- Published
- 2017-07-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 882-890
- ISSN
- 1931-7557 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-7565
- OpenAlex
- W2736126009
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Imaging and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX100-10008PI, NHRI-EX101-10008PI, NHRI-EX102-10008PI, NHRI-EX103-10008PI)
- National Science Council (MOST103-2314-B-002-021-MY3, MOST 104-2410-H-002-060, NSC 101-2627-B-002 -001)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD subtypes, predominantly inattentive type, combined type, brain activation, Stroop task, caudate nucleus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, fronto-striatal network, reaction time, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Mathematical Concepts, Young Adult, Stroop Test
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