The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Barriers and countermeasures in developing traditional Chinese medicine in Europe
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the unique cultural treasures of Chinese; it represents a significant feature and prominent advantage of the healthcare cause in China. Data in this paper were fromWorld Health Organization, Chinese Bureau of Statistics, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and PubMed. In recent years, TCM has established a solid foundation in Europe, which made great strides in legislation, education, research, and international exchange, and has enjoyed a vast development space in the continent. Now, TCM is embracing unprecedented development opportunities in Europe. At the same time, the stiff international competition poses a grave threat to China's TCM industry. With multiple cultural, legal, and institutional challenges, as well as talent shortages in the way, TCM is now facing many difficulties in Europe. To fully prepare and enact active and vigorous steps to seize opportunities, we should have a clear picture about the serious challenges hampering TCM development in Europe. The TCM development at overseas markets has shifted from a spontaneous trade activity into a national strategy spearheaded by the government and participated in by multiple stakeholders. We should make a systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable push in fields such as TCM therapy, healthcare, education, research, culture, and industry development. The ultimate goal is to bring TCMs to the global market and allow them to play a role in safeguarding public health alo…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In 2015, only 14.6 percent of Chinese herbal exports were finished products.
“In 2015, only 14.6 percent of herbal exports were finished products.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016, 365
The magnitude of finished herbal product exports is around $200 million each in the Chinese herbal medicine and healthcare product segments.
“The magnitude of finished herbal product exports is still noteworthy, amounting to around $200 million each in the Chinese herbal medicine and healthcare product segments.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016, 365
Herbal extract exports are delinked from Chinese medicine pharmacology and are exported as ingredients for non-Chinese medicine products such as biomedical drugs, cosmetics, perfumes, dyes, and food products.
“Besides being delinked from Chinese medicine pharmacology, they are exported as ingredients for a variety of non-Chinese medicine products such as biomedical drugs, cosmetics, perfumes, dyes, and food products.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016, 365
Crude herbs and extracts constituted over 80 percent of total Chinese herbal exports.
“Crude herbs and extracts were found to constitute over 80 percent of total Chinese herbal exports.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016, 365
The value of Chinese medicine product exports increased by 6.4 percent in 2011 and plunged by 22 percent in 2012.
“Increasing by 6.4 percent in 2011, the value of Chinese medicine product exports plunged by 22 percent in 2012.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016
The majority of Chinese medicine companies are small and medium enterprises specializing in the production of traditional Chinese herbal medicine products.
“A majority of Chinese medicine companies are small and medium enterprises, specializing in the production of traditional Chinese herbal medicine products.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016
The Chinese medicine industry is grossly underequipped to meet global market standards in terms of manufacturing standards and quality control.
“the Chinese medicine industry is grossly underequipped to meet global market standards in terms of manufacturing standards and quality control.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016
EU regulations are interpreted differently in each member country, with each country requiring a separate registration.
“The cost is further compounded because EU regulations are interpreted differently in each member country, with each country requiring a separate registration.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016
Long-drawn-out regulatory processes are not affordable for most Chinese medicine manufacturers, who survive on small profit margins in the highly saturated domestic market.
“Long-drawn-out regulatory processes may be routine for a modern pharmaceutical company with deep pockets and steep profit margins, but they are not affordable for most Chinese medicine manufacturers, who survive on small profit margins in the highly saturated domestic market.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016
Even large companies with a long-term presence in the European market found it difficult to muster the capital required for drug approvals and registrations.
“Even large companies with a long-term presence in the European market found it difficult to muster the capital required for drug approvals and registrations.”
From Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment (2019) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2016
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Fan DM. The Year in Chinese Academy of Engineering (5). Xi’an: The Fourth Military Medical University press, 2014 (in Chinese)
- Wang M, Franz G. The role of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph Eur) in quality control of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in European Member States. World J Tradit Chin Med 2015; 1(1): 5–15 · DOI
- Yu WD, Guan T. Economic effect analysis and countermeasure research of Chinese medicine in China’s free trade zone arrangements with Switzerland. Economist (Jing Ji Shi) 2014; 9: 100–102 (in Chinese)
- Xiao ZZ, Xing R, Guo XG. The current state of Chinese medicine in the Europe and thoughts on its development. J Hunan Univ Tradit Chin Med (Hunan Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao) 2012; 32(5): 75–78 (in Chinese)
- Yao ZJ, Wang ZQ, Yu JB, Zheng XF. View at the development of acupuncture from the success of application for world immaterial heritages with acupuncture. J Hubei Univ Tradit Chin Med (Hubei Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao) 2011; 13(4): 42–44 (in Chinese)
- Wang CY, Bai XY, Wang CH. Traditional Chinese medicine: a treasured natural resource of anticancer drug research and development. Am J Chin Med 2014; 42(3): 543–559 · DOI
- Jiang YG. Several problems of international development of Chinese medicine-medical knowledge and analysis in Swiss. J Tradit Chin Med (Zhong Yi Za Zhi) 2012; 53(9): 799–801 (in Chinese)
- Weng XY. A brief analysis of 2004/24/EC-EU traditional herbal medicine law. Foreign Med Sci 2004; 26(5): 259–261
- Wu WY, Yang WZ, Hou JJ, Guo DA. Current status and future perspective in the globalization of traditional Chinese medicines. World J Tradit Chin Med 2015; 1(1): 1–4 · DOI
- Qu L, Zou W, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Greef J, Wang M. Non-European traditional herbal medicines in Europe: a community herbal monograph perspective. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 156: 107–114 · DOI
- Pan M, Ying SL. Research progress on international education promoting the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. J Chengdu Univ Tradit Chin Med (Chengdu Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao) 2015; 17(2): 6–7 (in Chinese)
- Zhang YB, Lu XF. Foreign exchange and cooperation of Chinese medicine and influence since the reform and opening up. Med Soc (Yi Xue Yu She Hui) 2015; 28(4): 14–16 (in Chinese)
- Li J. Current situation and thinking of the development of higher education of TCM in China. Northwest Med Educ (Xi Bei Yi Xue Jiao Yu) 2010; 18(5): 857–887 (in Chinese)
- Uzuner H, Fan TP, Dias A, Guo DA, El-Nezami HS, Xu Q. Establishing an EU-China consortium on traditional Chinese medicine research. Chin Med 2010; 5(1): 42–47 · DOI
- Fan DM. Holistic integrative medicine. Am J Dig Dis 2014; 1(1): 22–36
- Fan DM. Medicine and science. Negative (Yi Xue Zheng Ming) 2015; 6(2): 1–19 (in Chinese)
- Fung FY, Linn YC. Developing traditional Chinese medicine in the era of evidence-based medicine: current evidences and challenges. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:425037
- Jiang M, Yang J, Zhang C, Liu B, Chan K, Cao H, Lu A. Clinical studies with traditional Chinese medicine in the past decade and future research and development. Planta Med 2010; 76(17): 2048–2064 · DOI
- Fan DM. Exploration of Medicine Development. Xi’an: The Fourth Military Medical University press, 2014 (in Chinese)
- Ding Q, Liu FH, Liu Y, Cao C. Plant drug quality control strategy abroad and enlightenment to traditional Chinese medicine development in China. Chin Inform Tradit Chin Med (Zhongguo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi) 2011; 18(3): 1–4 (in Chinese)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market: A Critical Assessment
Kudlu, C., & Nichter, M. (2019) · Asian Medicine · doi:10.1163/15734218-12341437 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Cheng, J., & Fan, D.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Engineering (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Jing
- Fan, Daiming
- Venue
- Frontiers of Medicine
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 360-376
- ISSN
- 1673-7342 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-0217
- 2095-0225
- OpenAlex
- W2482740340
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Frontiers of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Herbal Medicine and Trade Cooperation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Keywords
- traditional Chinese medicine, internationalization of TCM, traditional Chinese medicine education, talent shortage, international competition, public policy
- MeSH terms
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal, Europe, Health Policy, Humans, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, World Health Organization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
