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Evolutionary Origins of the Neural Crest and Neural Crest Cells
Abstract
I evaluate the lines of evidence--cell types, genes, gene pathways, fossils--in putative chordate ancestors--cephalochordates and ascidians--pertaining to the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate neural crest. Given the intimate relationship between the neural crest and the dorsal nervous system during development, I discuss the dorsal nervous system in living (extant) members of the two groups, especially the nature, and genes, and gene regulatory networks of the brain to determine whether any cellular and/or molecular precursors (latent homologues) of the neural may have been present in ancestral cephalochordates or urochordates. I then examine those fossils that have been interpreted as basal chordates or cephalochordates to determine whether they shed any light on the origins of neural crest cell (NCC) derivatives. Do they have, for example, elements of a head skeleton or pharyngeal arches, two fundamental vertebrate characters (synapomorphies)? The third topic recognizes that the origin of the neural crest in the first vertebrates accompanied the evolution of a brain, a muscular pharynx, and paired sensory organs. In a paradigm-breaking hypothesis--often known as the 'new head hypothesis'--Carl Gans and Glen Northcutt linked these evolutionary innovations to the evolution of the neural crest and ectodermal placodes (Gans and Northcutt Science 220:268-274, 1983. doi:10.1126/science.220.4594.268; Northcutt and Gans The Quarterly Review of Biology 58:1-28, 1983. doi:10.108…
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“Perhaps the single most important innovation marking this transition to vertebrates was the appearance of neural crest and neural placodes (Gans and Northcutt, 1983; Northcutt, 1996a,b, 2005; Hall, 2008; Sauka-Spengler and Bronner-Fraser, 2008).”
From The evolutionary and genetic origins of consciousness in the Cambrian Period over 500 million years ago (2013) · cites this paper as Hall, 2008
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“…group) of the vertebrates, more recent molecular-phylogenetic analyses suggest that urochordates instead are the sister group of vertebrates and that the cephalochordates arose earlier (Bourlat et al., 2006; Delsuc et al., 2006; Holland, 2007; Hall, 2008; Lacalli, 2008b; Lamb, 2011; Figure 1).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall, B. K.
- Venue
- Evolutionary Biology
- Published
- 2008-10-21
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 248-266
- ISSN
- 0071-3260
- 1934-2845
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 121
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.