The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Challenges and future directions of secure federated learning: a survey
Open accessAbstract
Federated learning came into being with the increasing concern of privacy security, as people's sensitive information is being exposed under the era of big data. It is an algorithm that does not collect users' raw data, but aggregates model parameters from each client and therefore protects user's privacy. Nonetheless, due to the inherent distributed nature of federated learning, it is more vulnerable under attacks since users may upload malicious data to break down the federated learning server. In addition, some recent studies have shown that attackers can recover information merely from parameters. Hence, there is still lots of room to improve the current federated learning frameworks. In this survey, we give a brief review of the state-of-the-art federated learning techniques and detailedly discuss the improvement of federated learning. Several open issues and existing solutions in federated learning are discussed. We also point out the future research directions of federated learning.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11704-021-0598-z.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Advances in neural information processing systems 7
Cios, K. J., & Shields, M. E. (1997) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/s0925-2312(97)90018-7 · Cited by 22,093
Advances in neural information processing systems 7
(1996) · Computers & Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/s0898-1221(96)90463-0 · Cited by 14,759
Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learning
Kairouz, P., & McMahan, H. B. (2021) · Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning · doi:10.1561/2200000083 · Cited by 7,772
Deep Learning with Differential Privacy
Abadi, M., Chu, A., Goodfellow, I., McMahan, H. B., Mironov, I., Talwar, K., & Zhang, L. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/2976749.2978318 · Cited by 6,578
Federated Machine Learning: Concept and Applications
Yang, Q., Liu, Y., Chen, T., & Tong, Y. (2019) · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · doi:10.1145/3298981 · Cited by 6,322
Federated learning: Challenges, methods, and future directions
Li, T., Sahu, A. K., Talwalkar, A., & Smith, V. (2020) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2020.2975749 · Cited by 6,210
Federated Optimization in Heterogeneous Networks
Li, T., Sahu, A. K., Zaheer, M., Sanjabi, M., Talwalkar, A., & Smith, V. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.06127 · Cited by 4,023
Practical Secure Aggregation for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Bonawitz, K., Ivanov, V., Kreuter, B., Marcedone, A., McMahan, H. B., Patel, S., Ramage, D., Segal, A., & Seth, K. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/3133956.3133982 · Cited by 3,956
Federated Learning: Strategies for Improving Communication Efficiency
Konečný, J., McMahan, H. B., Yu, F. X., Richtárik, P., Suresh, A. T., & Bacon, D. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.05492 · Cited by 3,766
Model Inversion Attacks that Exploit Confidence Information and Basic Countermeasures
Fredrikson, M., Jha, S., & Ristenpart, T. (2015) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/2810103.2813677 · Cited by 2,961
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- McMahan B, Moore E, Ramage D, Hampson S, Arcas y B A. Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data. In: Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 2017, 1273–1282
- Bhagoji A N, Chakraborty S, Mittal P, Calo S. Analyzing federated learning through an adversarial lens. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning. 2019, 634–643
- Konečnỳ J, McMahan H B, Yu F X, Richtarik P, Suresh A T, Bacon D. Federated learning: strategies for improving communication efficiency. In: Proceedings of NIPS Workshop on Private Multi-Party Machine Learning. 2016
- Rakhlin A, Shamir O, Sridharan K. Making gradient descent optimal for strongly convex stochastic optimization. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Coference on International Conference on Machine Learning. 2012, 1571–1578
- Biggio B, Nelson B, Laskov P. Poisoning attacks against support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Coference on International Conference on Machine Learning. 2012, 1467–1474
- Bagdasaryan E, Veit A, Hua Y, Estrin D, Shmatikov V. How to backdoor federated learning. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2020, 2938–2948
- Dinh C T, Tran N, Nguyen T D. Personalized federated learning with moreau envelopes. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2020: 33
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A survey on federated learning: challenges and applications
Wen, J., Zhang, Z., Lan, Y., Cui, Z., Cai, J., & Zhang, W. (2022) · International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s13042-022-01647-y · Cited by 1,014
Xu, M., Ng, W. C., Lim, W. Y. B., Kang, J., Xiong, Z., Niyato, D. T., Yang, Q., Shen, X., & Miao, C. (2022) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3221119 · Cited by 614
Rahman, A., Hossain, M. S., Muhammad, G., Kundu, D., Debnath, T., Rahman, M., Khan, M. S. I., Tiwari, P., & Band, S. S. (2023) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-022-03658-4 · Cited by 399
The Impact of Adversarial Attacks on Federated Learning: A Survey
Kumar, K. N., Mohan, C. K., & Cenkeramaddi, L. R. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3322785 · Cited by 209
Federated Learning for Edge Computing: A Survey
Brecko, A., Kajáti, E., Koziorek, J., & Zolotová, I. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12189124 · Cited by 181
Aziz, R., Banerjee, S., Bouzefrane, S., & Vinh, T. L. (2023) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi15090310 · Cited by 149
Smart Wearables for the Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review
Moshawrab, M., Adda, M., Bouzouane, A., Ibrahim, H., & Raad, A. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23020828 · Cited by 120
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontics: Current State and Future Perspectives
Liu, J., Zhang, C., & Shan, Z. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11202760 · Cited by 149
Self-citationReviewing Federated Machine Learning and Its Use in Diseases Prediction
Moshawrab, M., Adda, M., Bouzouane, A., Ibrahim, H., & Raad, A. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23042112 · Cited by 114
Rahman, A., Hasan, K., Kundu, D., Islam, M. J., Debnath, T., Band, S. S., & Kumar, N. (2022) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2022.08.004 · Cited by 115
A survey on federated learning: a perspective from multi-party computation
Liu, F., Zheng, Z., Shi, Y., Tong, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers of Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s11704-023-3282-7 · Cited by 105
Security of federated learning with IoT systems: Issues, limitations, challenges, and solutions
Yaacoub, J.-P. A., Noura, H., & Salman, O. (2023) · Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems · doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.04.001 · Cited by 106
Trustworthy federated learning: privacy, security, and beyond
Chen, C., Liu, J., Tan, H., Li, X., Wang, K. I., Li, P., Sakurai, K., & Dou, D. (2024) · Knowledge and Information Systems · doi:10.1007/s10115-024-02285-2 · Cited by 110
Uddin, M. P., Xiang, Y., Hasan, M., Bai, J., Zhao, Y., & Gao, L. (2025) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3727643 · Cited by 97
Yuan, X., Liu, J., Wang, B., Wang, W., Wang, B., Li, T., Ma, X., & Witold Pedrycz, C. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3324747 · Cited by 77
Brik, B., Chergui, H., Zanzi, L., Devoti, F., Ksentini, A., Siddiqui, M. S., Costa‐Pérez, X., & Verikoukis, C. V. (2024) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3510543 · Cited by 103
Mengistu, T. M., Kim, T., & Lin, J.-W. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24030968 · Cited by 82
Zhao, J., Bagchi, S., Avestimehr, S., Chan, K., Chaterji, S., Dimitriadis, D., Li, J., Li, N., Nourian, A., & Roth, H. (2025) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3724113 · Cited by 63
Smart Wearables for the Detection of Occupational Physical Fatigue: A Literature Review
Moshawrab, M., Adda, M., Bouzouane, A., Ibrahim, H., & Raad, A. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22197472 · Cited by 66
Luzón, M. V., Rodríguez-Barroso, N., Argente-Garrido, A., Jiménez-López, D., Moyano, J. M., Ser, J. D., Ding, W., & Herrera, F. (2024) · IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica · doi:10.1109/jas.2024.124215 · Cited by 64
A Review of Client Selection Methods in Federated Learning
Mayhoub, S., & M. Shami, T. (2024) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-023-10011-4 · Cited by 47
Madathil, N. T., Dankar, F. K., Gergely, M., Belkacem, A. N., & Alrabaee, S. (2025) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2025.06.009 · Cited by 58
On Smart Geometric Non-Destructive Evaluation: Inspection Methods, Overview, and Challenges
Jaber, A., Karganroudi, S. S., Meiabadi, M. S., Aminzadeh, A., Ibrahim, H., Adda, M., & Taheri, H. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15207187 · Cited by 40
Wen, H., Liu, X., Lei, B., Yang, M., Cheng, X., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124789 · Cited by 41
Narula, M., Meena, J., & Vishwakarma, D. K. (2024) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108128 · Cited by 38
Barnawi, A., Chhikara, P., Tekchandani, R., Kumar, N., & Alzahrani, B. A. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3393969 · Cited by 37
Wang, J., Si, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhang, K., Yin, S., & Liu, B. (2024) · International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.109848 · Cited by 29
Self-citationSecure Federated Evolutionary Optimization—A Survey
Liu, Q., Yan, Y., Jin, Y., Wang, X., Ligeti, P., Yu, G., & Yan, X. (2023) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.006 · Cited by 28
Zhang, Z., Zhou, F., Zhang, C., Wen, C., Hu, X., & Wang, T. (2023) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-023-04753-8 · Cited by 22
Self-citationDynamic gradient filtering in federated learning with Byzantine failure robustness
Colosimo, F., & Rango, F. D. (2024) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2024.06.044 · Cited by 21
Zia, A., & Haleem, M. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3541822 · Cited by 19
Federated Learning-Based Solution for DDoS Detection in SDN
Mateus, J., Zodi, G.-A. L., & Bagula, A. (2024) · 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) · doi:10.1109/icnc59896.2024.10556115 · Cited by 19
Allareddy, V., Rampa, S., Venugopalan, S. R., Elnagar, M. H., Lee, M. K., Oubaidin, M., & Yadav, S. (2023) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12662 · Cited by 18
A Hierarchical Federated Learning Algorithm Based on Time Aggregation in Edge Computing Environment
Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Li, F., & Zhu, H. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13095821 · Cited by 17
FedMDO: Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning via Mixup Differential Objective
You, X., Liu, C., Li, J., Sun, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3408463 · Cited by 19
High-Fidelity Gradient Inversion in Distributed Learning
Ye, Z., Luo, W., Zhou, Q., & Tang, Y. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v38i18.29975 · Cited by 19
Wen, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, P., & Chen, L. (2025) · Journal of Information Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2025.103993 · Cited by 15
A Blockchain-based federated learning framework for secure aggregation and fair incentives
Yang, X., & Li, T. (2024) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540091.2024.2316018 · Cited by 15
Accuracy Degrading: Toward Participation-Fair Federated Learning
You, X., Liu, X., Lin, X., Cai, J., & Chen, S. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3238038 · Cited by 15
SecureLLM: A Unified Framework for Privacy-Focused Large Language Models
Kalodanis, K., Papadopoulos, S., Feretzakis, G., Rizomiliotis, P., & Anagnostopoulos, D. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15084180 · Cited by 14
Kumar, N., & Ahmad, A. (2023) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4762 · Cited by 13
Li, K., Zhou, H., Tu, Z., Liu, F., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Security and Communication Networks · doi:10.1155/2022/4233238 · Cited by 14
F-CBR: An Architecture for Federated Case-Based Reasoning
Jaiswal, A. D., Yigzaw, K. Y., & Öztürk, P. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3188808 · Cited by 12
Optimized Active Fuzzy Deep Federated Learning for predicting autism spectrum disorder
Daliri, A., Khalilian, M., Mohammadzadeh, J., & Hosseini, S. S. (2025) · Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1007/s13721-025-00523-3 · Cited by 11
Against network attacks in renewable power plants: Malicious behavior defense for federated learning
Wu, X., Jin, Z., Zhou, J., Liu, K., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110577 · Cited by 10
A Comprehensive Survey on Split-Fed Learning: Methods, Innovations, and Future Directions
Hukkeri, G. S., Goudar, R. H., Dhananjaya, G. M., Rathod, V. N., & Ankalaki, S. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547641 · Cited by 14
Future of the Medical World: Collaborative Medical Imaging AI With Federated Learning
Rahmaniar, W., Deng, Z., Yang, Y., Jin, Z., & Suzuki, K. (2025) · IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mce.2025.3539474 · Cited by 9
Shrestha, A. K., Khan, F. A., Shaikh, M. A., Jaberzadeh, A., & Geng, J. (2023) · IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON) · doi:10.1109/uemcon59035.2023.10316006 · Cited by 9
Sequential POI Recommend Based on Personalized Federated Learning
Dong, Q., Liu, B., Zhang, X., Qin, J., & Wang, B. (2023) · Neural Processing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11063-023-11264-7 · Cited by 9
Privacy-preserving federated discovery of DNA motifs with differential privacy
Chen, Y., Gan, W., Huang, G., Wu, Y., & Yu, P. S. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123799 · Cited by 9
Zhu, Y., Chong, L., Chen, C., Lyu, X., Chen, Z., Wang, B., Hu, F., Li, H., Dai, J., Cai, B., et al. (2024) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2024.054820 · Cited by 7
Federated Learning for Industry 5.0: A State-of-the-Art Review
Ramírez-Gordillo, T., Calabuig-Barbero, E., Mora, H., Pujol, F. A., & Amador, S. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48590-9_6 · Cited by 7
Allen, D. W. E., Berg, C., & Potts, J. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009638616 · Cited by 3
Federated Learning: Attacks and Defenses, Rewards, Energy Efficiency: Past, Present and Future
Karydas, D., & Leligou, H. C. (2024) · WSEAS Transactions on Computers archive · doi:10.37394/23205.2024.23.10 · Cited by 6
Collaborative Edge-Cloud AI for IoT Driven Secure Healthcare System
Gupta, L. (2023) · IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) · doi:10.1109/syscon53073.2023.10131082 · Cited by 6
Federated Multi-Label Learning (FMLL): Innovative Method for Classification Tasks in Animal Science
Ghasemkhani, B., Varlıklar, Ö., Doğan, Y., Utku, S., Birant, K. U., & Birant, D. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14142021 · Cited by 7
SecureFed: A Two-Phase Framework for Detecting Malicious Clients in Federated Learning
Likhitha, A., Mhatre, A., Nair, A. K., & Gupta, D. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI) · doi:10.1109/iri66576.2025.00043 · Cited by 6
Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search and Its Applications in Healthcare
Liu, X., Li, J., Zhao, J., Cao, B., Yan, R., & Lv, Z. (2023) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2023.030391 · Cited by 7
Shao, L. (2024) · Internet Technology Letters · doi:10.1002/itl2.499 · Cited by 5
Privacy preservation using optimized Federated Learning: A critical survey
Narule, Y. S., & Thakre, K. S. (2024) · Intelligent Decision Technologies · doi:10.3233/idt-230104 · Cited by 5
Colosimo, F., & Rango, F. D. (2024) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc57260.2024.10570891 · Cited by 5
Linkage on security, privacy and fairness in federated learning: New balances and new perspectives
Wang, L., Zhu, T., Zhou, W., & Yu, P. S. (2025) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107874 · Cited by 11
FedDistillSC: A Distributed Semantic Communication System Based on Federated Distillation
Xing, H., Ma, H., Xiao, Z., Zhao, B., Peng, J., Luo, S., Feng, L., & Xu, L. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT) · doi:10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419624 · Cited by 5
A Security-Oriented Overview of Federated Learning Utilizing Layered Reference Model
Lu, J., Fukumoto, N., & Nakao, A. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3404948 · Cited by 5
Saidi, A. A., Amira, A., & Nouali, O. (2025) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05715-0 · Cited by 4
Clinical AI in Radiology: Foundations, Trends, Applications, and Emerging Directions
Hartsock, I., Koutsoubis, N., Ahmed, S., Parker, N. H., Schabath, M. B., Araujo, C. R., Qayyum, A., Lam, C. A., Gatenby, R. A., & Rasool, G. (2026) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18060942 · Cited by 5
Dynamic Clustering Federated Learning for Non-IID Data
Chen, M., Wu, J., Yin, Y., Huang, Z., Liu, Q., & Chen, E. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20503-3_10 · Cited by 4
Federated Learning in Data Privacy and Security
Reddy, D. T., Nandigam, H., Indla, S. C., & Raja, S. P. (2024) · ADCAIJ ADVANCES IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE JOURNAL · doi:10.14201/adcaij.31647 · Cited by 4
Label synchronization strategies for hybrid federated learning
Rosero, R. L., Silva, C., Ribeiro, B., Albisser, M., Brutsche, M., & Chao, M. A. (2024) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2024.110751 · Cited by 5
FDeep: A Fog-based Intrusion Detection System for Smart Home using Deep Learning
Gazdar, T. (2022) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2022.0131242 · Cited by 4
Zhang, Z., Zhou, F., Wang, C., Wen, C., Hu, X., & Wang, T. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25081165 · Cited by 4
The Influence of Labour Legislation on Job Creation and Job Sustainability in South Africa
Womack, C. A. J. (2021) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2020.bk238 · Cited by 4
Wang, L., Li, T., Xu, Y., Xiang, F., Zhang, X., & Zuo, Y. N. (2025) · International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1080/0951192x.2025.2461022 · Cited by 3
A Federated Learning Architecture for Bird Species Classification in Wetlands
Mulero-Pérez, D., Rodriguez-Juan, J., Ramírez-Gordillo, T., Benavent-Lledó, M., Ruiz-Ponce, P., Ortiz-Pérez, D., Hernandez-Lopez, H., Iarovikov, A., García‐Rodríguez, J., Sebastián‐González, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks · doi:10.3390/jsan14040071 · Cited by 3
Xue, M., Zhong, H., Shi, Y., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhao, N. (2025) · Cybersecurity · doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00366-5 · Cited by 4
Fan, R., Yang, L., Liu, D., & Hu, W. (2025) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.130124 · Cited by 3
Technical considerations of federated learning in digital healthcare systems
Alozie, E., Olagunju, H. I., Faruk, N., & Garba, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13897-3.00009-6 · Cited by 3
Federated Feature Concatenate Method for Heterogeneous Computing in Federated Learning
Chung, W., Chang, Y.-C., Hsu, C., Chang, C., & Hung, C. (2023) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.035720 · Cited by 3
Ha, D. T., Bac, T. P., Tran, K. D., & Tran, K. P. (2023) · Springer series in reliability engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30510-8_8 · Cited by 3
Chen, G., Li, C., Du, F., Yuan, X., Chi, C., Yin, Z., Wang, B., Li, T., Bao, X., & Wang, W. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3482703 · Cited by 2
Ejaz, U., Islam, S. A. M., Sarkar, A., & Imashev, A. (2024) · IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering · doi:10.9790/1684-2105023644 · Cited by 2
Lian, W., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Jia, B., & Zhang, X. (2023) · International Journal of Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1155/2023/6357750 · Cited by 2
Dellacasa, C. M., Ortali, M., Rossi, E., Attieh, H. A., Osmo, T., Puskaric, M., Rinaldi, E., Praßer, F., Stellmach, C., Cataudella, S., et al. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241248922 · Cited by 2
Nguyen-Khanh, D., Huynh-Phu, L., Phan-Trung, K., Nguyen-Khanh, T., & Le‐Trung, Q. (2024) · International Conference on Advanced Computing and Analytics (ACOMPA) · doi:10.1109/acompa64883.2024.00026 · Cited by 2
Federated Learning for Credit Scoring Model Using Blockchain
Djolev, D., Lazarova, M. K., & Nakov, O. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53025-8_8 · Cited by 2
A trusted decision fusion approach for the power internet of things with federated learning
Li, W., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Ma, S., Ke, H., Wang, J., & Chen, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1061779 · Cited by 1
Lu, Y., Mei, G., Yang, Y., & Ding, H. (2024) · Georisk Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards · doi:10.1080/17499518.2024.2337384 · Cited by 1
Towards practical data alignment in production federated learning
Shi, Y., Yu, W., Zhang, Y., Xue, C., Zeng, Y., Zhou, Z., Guo, M., Xin, L., & Nie, W. (2024) · Frontiers of Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s11704-024-3936-0 · Cited by 1
Zhou, S., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Yang, X., & Yuan, K. (2025) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3620818 · Cited by 1
Blockchain-based federated learning with metric and imbalanced learning for visual classification
Wu, F., Lu, J., Jin, H., Song, Y., Gao, G., & Jing, X. (2026) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.110961 · Cited by 1
Retracted: Federated Learning Enhancing Fraud Detection Across Multiple Financial Institutions
Mukhi, S. S., Jayapriya, P., Gardezi, D. S. H. I., Dutta, C., Manimegalai, V., Jha, S. S., & Nirmala, R. G. (2026) · doi:10.1109/qpain69676.2026.11545788 · Cited by 1
RetractedA review of federated learning: architectures, challenges, and targeted solutions
Velaei, M., Ghahramani, H., Ghaffari, A., & Derakhshanfard, N. (2026) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06286-4 · Cited by 1
Communication-efficient federated learning for edge IoT via combined quantization and sparsification
Malik, S., Grag, A., & Kansal, N. (2026) · Discover Electronics · doi:10.1007/s44291-026-00278-9 · Cited by 1
Mobile health‐empowered traditional ethnic sports: AI‐based data analysis improving security
Liu, N., & Jin, Y. (2023) · Internet Technology Letters · doi:10.1002/itl2.417 · Cited by 1
Raheem, A., Zhen, Y., Yu, H., Sabah, F., Ahmed, S., & Yaqub, M. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (IC-NIDC) · doi:10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10388495 · Cited by 1
Byzantine-Robust Federated Learning Based on Dynamic Gradient Filtering
Colosimo, F., & Rango, F. D. (2024) · International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) · doi:10.1109/iwcmc61514.2024.10592438 · Cited by 1
Candidate Models for Federated Learning with Blockchain
Tao, W., & Yin, Q. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Big Data Analytics (ICBDA) · doi:10.1109/icbda55095.2022.9760330 · Cited by 1
Introduction to Federated Learning
Yu, S., & Cui, L. (2022) · Digital Privacy and Security · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-8692-5_1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGradient Information from Google GBoard NWP LSTM is Sufficient to Reconstruct Words Typed
Suliman, M., & Leith, D. J. (2022) · Cyber Research Conference - Ireland (Cyber-RCI) · doi:10.1109/cyber-rci55324.2022.10032666
Mobile Keyword Prediction using Federated Learning
Chouhan, K. U., Jha, N. P. K., Jha, R. S., Kamaluddin, S. I., & Giri, N. (2023) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.50826
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, K., Song, X., Zhang, C., & Yu, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Xuan
- Yu, Shui
- Venue
- Frontiers of Computer Science
- Published
- 2021-12-10
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 165817-165817
- ISSN
- 2095-2228 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2236
- PMC
- PMC8663756
- OpenAlex
- W4200419653
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers of Computer Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Cryptography and Data Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Data Security Solutions
- Keywords
- federated learning, privacy preservation, secure federated learning, model parameter aggregation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review