Cited by 505Nutritional Studies and DietMeat and Animal Product QualityConsumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Unprocessed red and processed meats and risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes–an updated review of the evidence

Open access

Micha, Renata, Michas, Georgios, Mozaffarian, Dariush·2012·Current Atherosclerosis Reports

DOI 10.1007/s11883-012-0282-8PMC PMC3483430

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that effects of red meat consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes could vary depending on processing. We reviewed the evidence for effects of unprocessed (fresh/frozen) red and processed (using sodium/other preservatives) meat consumption on CHD and diabetes. In meta-analyses of prospective cohorts, higher risk of CHD is seen with processed meat consumption (RR per 50 g: 1.42, 95 %CI = 1.07-1.89), but a smaller increase or no risk is seen with unprocessed meat consumption. Differences in sodium content (~400 % higher in processed meat) appear to account for about two-thirds of this risk difference. In similar analyses, both unprocessed red and processed meat consumption are associated with incident diabetes, with higher risk per g of processed (RR per 50 g: 1.51, 95 %CI = 1.25-1.83) versus unprocessed (RR per 100 g: 1.19, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.37) meats. Contents of heme iron and dietary cholesterol may partly account for these associations. The overall findings suggest that neither unprocessed red nor processed meat consumption is beneficial for cardiometabolic health, and that clinical and public health guidance should especially prioritize reducing processed meat consumption.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11883-012-0282-8

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The environment and disease: association or causation?
Hill, A. B. (2015) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076814562718 · Cited by 7,804
The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
Hill, A. B. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505800503 · Cited by 6,974
Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective
Marmot, M. G., Atinmo, T., Byers, T., Chen, J., Hirohata, T., Jackson, A., James, W., Kolonel, L. N., Kumanyika, S., Leitzmann, C., et al. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5024 · Cited by 5,368
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases
Joint, W. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,890
Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options.
Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M., & de Haan, C. (2006) · Agritrop (Cirad) · Cited by 4,383
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Rothwell, C. J. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_6177 · Cited by 2,093
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease
Mozaffarian, D., & Wu, J. H. Y. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.063 · Cited by 1,771
World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research. Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. United Kingdom: WCRF/AICR, 2001
Lazcano-Ponce, E. C. (2009) · Salud Pública de México · Cited by 1,669
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412953948.n305 · Cited by 1,341
High stored iron levels are associated with excess risk of myocardial infarction in eastern Finnish men
Salonen, J. T., Nyyssönen, K., Korpela, H., Tuomilehto, J., Seppänen, R., & Salonen, R. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.3.803 · Cited by 1,284

Show all 60 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Liu J, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, et al. Dietary iron and red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:S100.
Singh G.M., Danaei G., Farzadfar F., et al., Effect sizes for cardiovascular disease and diabetes outcomes of metabolic risk factors for population-based comparative risk assessment (CRA). Int J Cardiol, 2012. Under Review.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 505

Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Long-Term Trends in Ischemic Stroke Mortality in China Caused by Specific Risk Factors from 1990 to 2019
Liu, F., Sun, P., Cheng, Y., Wang, J., Ma, W., Chen, C., Shang, S., & Yu, J. (2024) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000536014 · Cited by 9
Burden of ischemic stroke attributable to a high red meat diet in China, 1990–2019: analysis based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study
Jin, S., Xia, K., Sun, B., Xie, L., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1384023 · Cited by 9
Mycotoxins contamination and their possible mitigation strategies in plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs): A review
Llorens, P., Juan-García, A., Juan, C., Moltó, J. C., Pena, A., & Silva, L. J. G. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105230 · Cited by 10
Association of planetary health diet index with depression and mortality in the United States
Lan, Y., Chen, L., Lin, Z., Tang, H., & Zhang, X. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06987-x · Cited by 9
Red Meat and Health
O’Connor, L. E., & Campbell, W. W. (2017) · Nutrition Today · doi:10.1097/nt.0000000000000225 · Cited by 10
Effect of an extruded linseed diet on meat quality traits in Nero Lucano pigs
Tarricone, S., Colonna, M. A., Giannico, F., Ragni, M., Lestingi, A., & Facciolongo, A. M. (2020) · South African Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4314/sajas.v49i6.13 · Cited by 9
Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality: Isfahan cohort study
Grau, N., Mohammadifard, N., Hassannejhad, R., Haghighatdoost, F., Sadeghi, M., Talaei, M., Sajjadi, F., Mavrommatis, Y., & Sarrafzadegan, N. (2021) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2021.1993797 · Cited by 9
Body iron stores had no impact on coronary heart disease outcomes: a middle-aged male cohort from the general population with 21-year follow-up
Barywani, S. B., Thunström, E. Ö., Mandalenakis, Z., & Hansson, P. (2022) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2021-001928 · Cited by 9
Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors
Morgan, E. H., Schoonees, A., Faure, M. C., & Seguin‐Fowler, R. A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012547 · Cited by 16
Role of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a predictive marker for diabetic coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study
Dabla, P. K., Shrivastav, D., Mehra, P., & Mehta, V. (2024) · World Journal of Methodology · doi:10.5662/wjm.v14.i3.92807 · Cited by 8
Hybrid meat for flexitarian consumers: technological advancements, diversity in plant proteins and consumer preferences
Kaur, P., Kaur, R., Sharma, S., & Kaur, S. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2025.2564890 · Cited by 8
Most Frequently Consumed Red/Processed Meat Dishes and Plant-Based Foods and Their Contribution to the Intake of Energy, Protein, and Nutrients-to-Limit among Canadians
Shafiee, M., Islam, N., Ramdath, D. D., & Vatanparast, H. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14061257 · Cited by 7
Nutritional Effects of Removing a Serving of Meat or Poultry from Healthy Dietary Patterns—A Dietary Modeling Study
Agarwal, S., McCullough, K. R., & Fulgoni, V. L. I. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15071717 · Cited by 9
Modelling the replacement of red and processed meat with plant-based alternatives and the estimated effect on insulin sensitivity in a cohort of Australian adults
Goode, J. P., Smith, K. J., Breslin, M. C., Kilpatrick, M., Dwyer, T., Venn, A., & Magnussen, C. G. (2023) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114523002659 · Cited by 8
Dietary inflammation and vascular calcification: a comprehensive review of the associations, underlying mechanisms, and prevention strategies
Cui, X., Wei, W., Hu, Y., Zhang, Z., Lu, M., Li, Y., Wu, J., & Li, C. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2024.2408447 · Cited by 8
Meta-analysis of red meat intake and cardiovascular risk factors: methodologic limitations
Satija, A., Malik, V., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.153692 · Cited by 8
Sialic acid and food allergies: The link between nutrition and immunology
Liu, G., Hao, M., Zeng, B., Liu, M., Wang, J., Sun, S., Liu, C., & HuiLian, C. (2022) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2136620 · Cited by 8
The protein paradox, carnivore diet & hypertrophy versus longevity. Short term nutrition and hypertrophy versus longevity
Palmer, R. D. (2025) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060251314575 · Cited by 10
Are plant-based meat alternatives the stepping stone to healthier and more sustainable diets? A review of the literature
Lindberg, L., Woodside, J. V., & Nugent, A. P. (2025) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665125100608 · Cited by 12
Red Meat and Health
Marsh, K. A., Saunders, A. V., & Zeuschner, C. L. (2015) · Practice, progress, and proficiency in sustainability · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9553-5.ch008 · Cited by 7
Structural and functional dysbiosis of gut microbiota in Tibetan subjects with coronary heart disease
Cheng, Q., Fan, C., Liu, F., Li, Y., Hou, H., Ma, Y., Tan, Y., Li, Y., Hai, Y., Wu, T., et al. (2022) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110483 · Cited by 8
Fresh Beef and Lamb Consumption in Relation to Nutrient Intakes and Markers of Nutrition and Health Status among the Population Aged 5–90 Years in Ireland
Kehoe, L., O’Sullivan, E., Cocking, C., McNulty, B. A., Nugent, A. P., Cashman, K. D., Flynn, A., & Walton, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020313 · Cited by 8
Predictors of Meat Reduction: The Case of Slovenia
Kirbiš, A., Korže, V., & Lubej, M. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13152346 · Cited by 7
Dietary Shifts since COVID-19: A Study of Racial Differences
Monroe-Lord, L., Ardakani, A., Jackson, P., Asongwed, E. T., Duan, X., Schweitzer, A., Jeffery, T. D., Johnson-Largent, T., & Harrison, E. A. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16183164 · Cited by 7
Different impacts of plant proteins and animal proteins on human health through altering gut microbiotaant proteins and animal proteins on human health through altering gut microbiota
Xu, B., Sunil, C., & Devaraj, R. D. (2020) · Functional Foods in Health and Disease · doi:10.31989/ffhd.v10i5.699 · Cited by 9
Low-carbohydrate dietary pattern on glycemic outcomes trial (ADEPT) among individuals with elevated hemoglobin A1c: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
DORANS, K. S., Bazzano, L., Qi, L., He, H., Appel, L. J., Samet, J. M., Chen, J., Mills, K. T., Nguyen, B. T., O’Brien, M. J., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-05001-x · Cited by 7
Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on nutrition data
Katsimpris, A., Aboulmaouahib, B., Rathmann, W., Peters, A., Strauch, K., & Flaquer, A. (2021) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2021.36 · Cited by 9
Patients with Diverticular Disease Have Different Dietary Habits Compared to Control Subjects: Results from an Observational Italian Study
Polese, B., Carabotti, M., Rurgo, S., Ritieni, C., Sarnelli, G., Barbara, G., Pace, F., Cuomo, R., Annibale, B., & on behalf of REMAD Group (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092119 · Cited by 7
Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Food Intake Index and relationship with serum lipoprotein particles and serum fatty acids in pregnant women at increased risk for gestational diabetes
Valkama, A., Meinilä, J. M., Koivusalo, S. B., Lindström, J., Rönö, K., Stach‐Lempinen, B., & Eriksson, J. G. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518002404 · Cited by 8
Health Benefits of Eating More Plant Foods and Less Meat
Marshall, P., & Marinova, D. V. (2018) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7350-0.ch003 · Cited by 7
Effects of three products from Antarctic krill on the nitrogen balance, growth, and antioxidation status of rats
Ma, X., Liu, C., Wang, C., Ma, X., Che, S., Feng, X., Li, B., & Dai, Y. (2019) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.1140 · Cited by 6
SEA/SEMERGEN 2019 consensus document 2019. Dietary recommendations in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Pascual, V., Pérez‐Martínez, P., Fernández, J. M., Solà, R., Pallarés‐Carratalá, V., Secin, A. A. R., Jiménez, F. P., & Ros, E. (2019) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2019.02.006 · Cited by 7
ESR1 gene polymorphisms PvuII (rs2234693T>C) and XbaI (rs9340799A>G) may not be directly correlated with cardiovascular disease risk
Jiang, N., Yang, G., & Peng, C. L. (2015) · Genetics and Molecular Research · doi:10.4238/2015.october.29.14 · Cited by 7
Estimates and projections in the economic impacts of fifteen dietary risk factors for two hundred four countries and territories from 2020 to 2050: A health-augmented macroeconomic modeling study
Li, Y., Du, X., Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, S., Cao, Z., Wang, J., Huang, Y., Rong, S., & Zhong, V. W. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.002 · Cited by 6
Et ve İşlenmiş Et Tüketiminin Halk Sağlığına Etkileri
Taşçı, F. (2019) · Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research · doi:10.30516/bilgesci.591624 · Cited by 6
Food for Thought or Feeding a Dogma? Diet and Coronary Artery Disease: a Clinician’s Perspective
Sekhar, A., Kuttan, A., Borges, J. C., & Rajachandran, M. S. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01557-5 · Cited by 6
Nutritional and Industrial Value of Turkey Meat "Meleagris Gallopavo": Review
Baidhani, A. M. A. A. N., & Al‐Qutaifi, H. K. (2021) · Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences · doi:10.33794/qjas.2021.132315.1016 · Cited by 8
Healthy U.S.-style dietary patterns can be modified to provide increased energy from protein
Murphy, M. M., Barraj, L. M., & Higgins, K. (2022) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-022-00794-w · Cited by 7
How to Keep the Balance between Red and Processed Meat Intake and Physical Activity Regarding Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Wu, Y., Wang, M., Long, Z., Ye, J., Cao, Y., Pei, B., Gao, Y., Yu, Y., Han, Z., Wang, F., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153373 · Cited by 8
The Association between Red Meat Consumption and Advanced Colorectal Adenomas in a Population Undergoing a Screening-Related Colonoscopy in Alberta, Canada
Farah, E., Hutchinson, J. M., Ruan, Y., O'Sullivan, D. E., Hilsden, R. J., & Brenner, D. R. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16030495 · Cited by 6
Red Meat and Health
Marsh, K. A., Saunders, A. V., & Zeuschner, C. L. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch007 · Cited by 6
Shea Butter: An Opposite Replacement for Trans Fat in Margarine
Israel, M. O. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences · doi:10.4172/2155-9600.s11-001 · Cited by 6
Geodemographic Patterns of Meat Expenditure in Great Britain
James, W. H. M., Lomax, N., Birkin, M. H., & Collins, L. (2020) · Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-020-09344-5 · Cited by 5
Effects of the Consumption of Low-Fat Cooked Ham with Reduced Salt Enriched with Antioxidants on the Improvement of Cardiovascular Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Victoria‐Montesinos, D., Arcusa, R., García‐Muñoz, A. M., Pérez-Piñero, S., Sánchez-Macarro, M., Avellaneda, A., & López-Román, F. J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051480 · Cited by 6
L’éléphant dans la pièce. Pour une approche économique de l’alimentation végétale et de la condition animale
Espinosa, R. (2019) · Revue d économie politique · doi:10.3917/redp.293.0287 · Cited by 10
Deconstructing the Paleolithic Diet: Components that Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Marinangeli, C. P. F., & Jones, P. J. H. (2014) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-014-0077-3 · Cited by 6
Cross‐sectional analysis of unhealthy foods, race/ethnicity, sex and cardiometabolic risk factors in U.S. adults
Vaccaro, J. A., Zarini, G. G., & Huffman, F. G. (2018) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12439 · Cited by 6
Composition and Nutrition
Demeyer, D. I. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118522653.ch26 · Cited by 6
Effects of red meat taxes and warning labels on food groups selected in a randomized controlled trial
Willits-Smith, A. M., Taillie, L. S., Jaacks, L. M., Frank, S. M., & Grummon, A. H. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-024-01584-9 · Cited by 8
Adherence to the modified Planetary Health Diet among the working-age population in 185 countries from 1990 to 2018: a population-based study
Li, Z., Song, Y., Huang, X., Dong, S., Lin, X., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Q., Yang, L., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.016 · Cited by 6
Connecting plant, animal, and human health using untargeted metabolomics
Fleming, A., Provenza, F. D., Leroy, F., van Vliet, S., Elliot, C., Hamlin, M. J., Garrett, K., Marshall, C. J., & Gregorini, P. (2025) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skaf254 · Cited by 6
Novel approach to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes risk and dietary fats in a dietary pattern context: a scoping review
Brayner, B., Kaur, G., Keske, M. A., Marchese, L. E., & Livingstone, K. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1071855 · Cited by 6
Nutrition recommendations and science: next parallel steps
Fogelholm, M. (2015) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.7479 · Cited by 5
A non-traditional dietary pattern increases risk of coronary artery disease in the Nepalese population
Basnet, T. B., Srijana, G. C., Basnet, B. B., Sambou, M. L., Indayati, W., & Thapa, G. (2021) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111503 · Cited by 5
Estimation of Risk Factors Related to Heart Diseases With Multilayer Perceptron Model
Günata, M., Arslan, A. K., Çolak, C., & Parlakpınar, H. (2022) · Medical Records · doi:10.37990/medr.1031866 · Cited by 5
Association between dietary patterns and carotid intima-media thickness: cross-sectional analysis of ELSA-Brasil study
Cacau, L. T., Levy, J., Alves, M. D. A., Santos, I. D. S., Fonseca, M. D. J. M., Lotufo, P., Benseñor, I., & Marchioni, D. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03097-w · Cited by 2
The Association of Total Meat Intake with Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors and Measures of Sub-Clinical Atherosclerosis in an Urbanising Community of Southern India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis for the APCAPS Cohort
Mahajan, H., Mallinson, P. A. C., Lieber, J., Bhogadi, S., Banjara, S. K., Reddy, V., Reddy, G. B., Kulkarni, B., & Kinra, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16050746 · Cited by 5
Ernährungsmedizinische Konzepte bei Adipositas
Hauner, H. (2015) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-014-3533-7 · Cited by 5
The Health Impact of Eating Foods of Animal Origin
Marsh, K. A., Saunders, A. V., & Zeuschner, C. L. (2018) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-4757-0.ch002 · Cited by 6
The association between meat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in Korean men using the Framingham risk score: A prospective cohort study
Jeong, J., Lim, K., & Shin, S. (2023) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.001 · Cited by 5
Health-Associated Nutrition and Exercise Behaviors in Relation to Metabolic Risk Factors Stratified by Body Mass Index
Huang, J., Li, R.-H., Huang, S.-L., Sia, H., Hsu, W., & Tang, F. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16050869 · Cited by 5
Ethnic differences on cardiovascular disease risk and quality of life in Selangor
Lee, H. S., Aman, A., Kamarudin, K. S., Ali, A., & Yusof, H. M. (2020) · Food Research · doi:10.26656/fr.2017.4(4).035 · Cited by 5
Effects of Western Style Foods on Risk of Noncommunicable Diseases
Isaza, A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813148-0.00011-6 · Cited by 5
Nutritional value and environmental aspects of high-protein ultra-processed foods on the German market
Koop, J., Fedde, S., Hägele, F. A., Beunink, C., Müller, M. J., & Bosy‐Westphal, A. (2024) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980024001836 · Cited by 4
Product innovation: palm oil fat in plant-based meat
Hairi, A. N. A., Taufik, A. M., & Abidin, S. A. S. Z. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91662-2.00013-2 · Cited by 4
Population food intake clusters and cardiovascular disease incidence: a Bayesian quantifying of a prospective population-based cohort study in a low and middle-income country
Rikhtehgaran, R., Shamsi, K., Renani, E. M., Arab, A., Nouri, F., Mohammadifard, N., Marateb, H. R., Mansourian, M., & Sarrafzadegan, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1150481 · Cited by 5
Harnessing the power on our plates: sustainable dietary patterns for public and planetary health
Woodside, J. V., Lindberg, L., & Nugent, A. P. (2023) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665123004809 · Cited by 7
The formation of sulfur metabolites during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of fish, white meat and red meat is affected by the addition of fructo-oligosaccharides
Masiques, N. E., Vossen, E., Vrieze, J. D., SMET, S. D., & HECKE, T. V. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d4fo00928b · Cited by 4
Plant-Based Meat Alternatives on the Island of Ireland: Changes in the Market and Comparisons with Conventional Meat
Lindberg, L., Woodside, J. V., Fitzgerald, H. K., Campbell, N., Vogan, H., Kelly, C., Robinson, M., & Nugent, A. P. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14050903 · Cited by 4
Ernährungstherapie des Typ-2-Diabetes
Hauner, H. (2013) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-013-1085-4 · Cited by 4
The Association of Meat Intake With All-Cause Mortality and Acute Myocardial Infarction Is Age-Dependent in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris
Matre, Å. O., Parys, A. V., Olsén, T., Haugsgjerd, T. R., Baravelli, C. M., Nygard, O. K., Dierkes, J., & Lysne, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.642612 · Cited by 4
The Western diet as payback for civilization: pathophysiological mechanisms and issues for discussion
Drapkina, O. M., Т., К. О., & Дадаева, В. А. (2021) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed20212405194 · Cited by 6
O que revela o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta associado ao Guia Alimentar Digital comparativamente a outro índice, em idosos?
de Assumpção, D., Caivano, S., Corona, L. P., Barros, M. B. D. A., Filho, A. D. A. B., & Domene, S. M. Á. (2022) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232022274.00932021 · Cited by 4
Food consumption and dyslipidemia in middle-aged adults in Indonesia: A cross-sectional national study
Permatasari, Z. A., & Syauqy, A. (2022) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060221139910 · Cited by 5
Red Meat Consumption and Risk of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease in Chinese Older Adults
Sun, X., Sun, R., & Zhang, L. (2023) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.23-138 · Cited by 5
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Guidelines
Sajja, A. P., Alfaddagh, A., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2020) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_26 · Cited by 4
Association between Longitudinally Assessed Dietary Composition and Blood Telomere Length among Young Adult Filipinos
Bethancourt, H. J. (2014) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington) · Cited by 3
"Best of both worlds": How do former vegetarians justify (re)introducing meat into their diet?Preprint
Buurman, E. J., Hamshaw, R. J. T., & Prosser, A. M. B. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8qjuy · Cited by 7
The global burden of cancer attributable to dietary factors from 1990 to 2019
Xie, J., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980024002489 · Cited by 2
Review: A vade-mecum for ruminant grazing and health
Fleming, A., Wescombe, P. A., & Gregorini, P. (2025) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2025.101548 · Cited by 3
The effect of dietary changes on distinct components of the metabolic syndrome in a young Sri Lankan population at high risk of CVD
Guess, N. D., Wijesuriya, M., Vasantharajah, L., Gulliford, M. C., Viberti, G. C., Gnudi, L., & Karalliedde, J. J. (2016) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516002476 · Cited by 5
The Strong Heart Study
Banegas, J. R., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001420 · Cited by 3
The Associations between Meat Group Consumption and Acute Myocardial Infarction Risks in an Iranian Population: a Case-Control Study
Poursafar, Z., Joukar, F., Hasavari, F., & Roshan, Z. A. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition Research · doi:10.7762/cnr.2019.8.2.159 · Cited by 3
Effects of meat and processed meat consumption on the lipid profile in the population with cardiovascular diseases
Kopčeková, J., Mrázová, J., Gažarová, M., & Habánová, M. (2020) · Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences · doi:10.5219/1428 · Cited by 4
Consumption Expenditure on Processed Meat and Its Correlates: An Ethnic Comparison
Cheah, Y. K., Appannah, G., & Adzis, A. B. A. (2022) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2022.2123534 · Cited by 4
Red and White Meat Intake in Relation to Gut Flora in Obese and Non-Obese Arab Females
Almajed, J., Al-Musharaf, S., Abudawood, M., Sabico, S., Aljazairy, E. A., & Aljuraiban, G. S. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12020245 · Cited by 3
Assessment of Vascular Function in Response to High-Fat and Low-Fat Ground Beef Consumption in Men
Lytle, J. R., Stanelle, S. T., Martin, S. E., Smith, S. B., Smith, D. R., & Crouse, S. F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061410 · Cited by 3
Clustering Health Behaviors in Mexican Adolescents: The HELENA-MEX Study
Rivera-Ochoa, M., López‐Gil, J. F., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., Pantoja‐Arévalo, L., González‐Gross, M., Vizmanos-Lamotte, B., & Guadalupe‐Grau, A. (2023) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2023.2195458 · Cited by 3
Hunting-Based Food Donation Programs: Program Characteristics Across the US
LeBleu, G., & Landry, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2022.03.003 · Cited by 3
Heart Failure Risk
Weiss, E. P. (2014) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001459 · Cited by 3
Comparing Calorie Counting versus MyPlate Recommendations for Weight Loss
McCarthy, W. J., Gelberg, L., Herman, D. R., Belin, T. R., Chandler, M., Love, S., & Ramirez, E. (2019) · doi:10.25302/4.2019.cer.130601150 · Cited by 4
Pork nutritional value and relationships with human health
Pluske, J. R., Murphy, K. J., & Dunshea, F. R. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85125-1.00103-4 · Cited by 4
The Nutri-Score Scale—A Tool for Assessing the Nutritional Quality of Processed Meat Products Available on the Polish Market
Czech-Załubska, K., Didkowska, A., Klich, D., Jackowska-Tracz, A., Zarzynska, J. M., & Anusz, K. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16060827 · Cited by 2
Carbohydrate usage and protein density in meat products and meat analogues: A survey of the Belgian market
Tian, X., SMET, S. D., & HECKE, T. V. (2025) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108527 · Cited by 2
Effects of Diets Containing Beef Compared with Poultry on Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Other Cardiometabolic Health Indicators in Males and Females with Prediabetes: A Randomized, Crossover Trial
Guzmán, E., Edirisinghe, I., Wilcox, M. L., Kirkpatrick, C. F., Adams, C. G., Burton‐Freeman, B. M., & Maki, K. C. (2025) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107589 · Cited by 2
Substitutions of Saturated Fatty Acids From Different Meats With Dairy and Incident Relationship With Cardiovascular Diseases: The UK Biobank Prospective Study
Vogtschmidt, Y. D., Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., Givens, D. I., & Lovegrove, J. A. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.042289 · Cited by 3
Pickering emulsion stabilized by whole Basa fish slurry as fat replacer in fish cakes: Enhanced the water-holding capacity and textural properties
Lv, Q., Wang, M., Wang, F., Tan, M., Su, W., Wang, H., & Cheng, S. (2026) · Food and Bioproducts Processing · doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2026.03.018 · Cited by 2
The Role of Nutrition in Heart Disease Prevention
Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Fleming, J. A., Kroat, A., Skulas‐Ray, A. C., & Flock, M. R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00030-1 · Cited by 2
Human C-peptide is a ligand of the elastin-receptor-complex and therewith central to human vascular remodelling and disease in metabolic syndrome
Wensvoort, G. (2022) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110964 · Cited by 2
Nutritional Profiling and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Protein Rich Ingredients Used as Dietary Supplements
Tihăuan, B.-M., Marinaș, I. C., Adascalului, M., Dobre, A. A., Pîrcălăbioru, G. G., Axinie, M., Ștefan, L. M., & Duță, D. E. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13116829 · Cited by 2

Authors: Micha, R., Michas, G., & Mozaffarian, D.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Mozaffarian, Dariush
ORCID: Micha, Renata
Mozaffarian, Dariush
Venue: Current Atherosclerosis Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-09-22
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Pages: 515-524
ISSN: 1523-3804 (ISSN-L)
1534-6242
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0282-8
PMC: PMC3483430
OpenAlex: W2034819178
Cited by: 502
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 13
FWCI: 2.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Current Atherosclerosis Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL094555)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
Keywords: processed meat, unprocessed red meat, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, sodium content, heme iron, dietary cholesterol, cardiometabolic risk, meat consumption, preservatives
MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Humans, Meat Products, Prospective Studies, Risk

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Unprocessed red and processed meats and risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes–an updated review of the evidence

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks