β Cell Dysfunction Versus Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes in East Asians
Open accessAbstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is one of the most serious global health problems and is mainly a result of the drastic increase in East Asia, which includes over a fourth of the global diabetes population. Lifestyle factors and ethnicity are two determinants in the etiology of T2DM, and lifestyle changes such as higher fat intake and less physical activity link readily to T2DM in East Asians. It is widely recognized that T2DM in East Asians is characterized primarily by β cell dysfunction, which is evident immediately after ingestion of glucose or meal, and less adiposity compared to the disease in Caucasians. These pathophysiological differences have an important impact on therapeutic approaches. Here, we revisit the pathogenesis of T2DM in light of β cell dysfunction versus insulin resistance in East Asians and discuss ethnic differences in the contributions of insulin secretion and insulin resistance, together with incretin secretin and action, to glucose intolerance.
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East Asian people with type 2 diabetes typically present with less severe obesity and are characterised by lower beta cell function and lesser insulin resistance compared with White populations.
“East Asian people with type 2 diabetes typically present with less severe obesity and are characterised by lower beta cell function and lesser insulin resistance compared with White populations [58]”
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Yamada, Y., Yabe, D., Hertz, C. L., Horio, H., Nakamura, J., Nielsen, A. M., & Seino, Y. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14571 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationYabe, D., Deenadayalan, S., Horio, H., Kaneto, H., Jensen, T. B., Terauchi, Y., Yamada, Y., & Inagaki, N. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13764 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, S., Hu, J., Zhao, C., Liu, H., & He, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1513641 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chen, Z., Fu, X., Kuang, J., Chen, J., Chen, H., Pei, J., & Yang, H. (2016) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-016-0133-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Gestational Diabetes in Asian Populations
Pan, S.-Y., Huang, C.-J., & Cheng, H.-M. (2024) · JACC: Asia · doi:10.1016/j.jacasi.2024.08.013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tsushima, R., Ito, A., Oishi, M., Ishihara, K., Iino, K., Tanaka, K., & Yokoyama, Y. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15072634
“In addition, East Asian populations exhibit distinct relationships between insulin sensitivity and β -cell response compared with other ethnic groups, which may modify the risk trajectory from GDM to T2DM [29,30].”
- Authors
- Yabe, D., Seino, Y., Fukushima, M., & Seino, S.
- Affiliations
- Kansai Electric Power (Japan) (JP)
- Okayama Prefectural University (JP)
- Kobe University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Yabe, Daisuke
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reports
- Published
- 2015-05-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 602-602
- ISSN
- 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0829
- PMC
- PMC4420838
- OpenAlex
- W1944521216
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 29.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24229007, 25860748)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, East Asians, ethnic differences, insulin secretion, incretins, impaired glucose tolerance, pathogenesis, lifestyle factors, adiposity
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Asian People, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Incretins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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