The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Alcohol and HIV Disease Progression: Weighing the Evidence
Open accessAbstract
Heavy alcohol use is commonplace among HIV-infected individuals; however, the extent that alcohol use adversely impacts HIV disease progression has not been fully elucidated. Fairly strong evidence suggests that heavy alcohol consumption results in behavioral and biological processes that likely increase HIV disease progression, and experimental evidence of the biological effect of heavy alcohol on simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques is quite suggestive. However, several observational studies of the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on HIV progression conducted in the 1990s found no association of heavy alcohol consumption with time to AIDS diagnosis, while some more recent studies showed associations of heavy alcohol consumption with declines of CD4 cell counts and nonsuppression of HIV viral load. We discuss several plausible biological and behavioral mechanisms by which alcohol may cause HIV disease progression, evidence from prospective observational human studies, and suggest future research to further illuminate this important issue.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These include clear evidence that heavy drinking or alcohol use disorders are associated with viral load increases and/or CD4 count declines, mediated partly by treatment adherence and partly by the pharmacological interactions with anti‐retroviral and other medications to treat comorbidities (for mechanisms see 99, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134; for pharmacological interactions see 135, 136).”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [130]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview
Scrimshaw, N. S., & SanGiovanni, J. P. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/66.2.464s · Cited by 948
Hepatic Microsomal Ethanol-oxidizing System
Lieber, C. S., & DeCarli, L. M. (1970) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63099-6 · Cited by 815
Role of depression, stress, and trauma in HIV disease progression
Leserman, J. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181777a5f · Cited by 662
Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Adherence: Review and Meta-Analysis
Hendershot, C. S., Stoner, S. A., Pantalone, D. W., & Simoni, J. M. (2009) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b18b6e · Cited by 485
CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON HOST DEFENCE
Szabó, G. (1999) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/34.6.830 · Cited by 439
Galván, F. H., Bing, E. G., Fleishman, J. A., London, A. S., Caetano, R., Burnam, M. A., Longshore, D. L., Morton, S. C., Orlando, M., & Shapiro, M. F. (2002) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2002.63.179 · Cited by 438
Chander, G., Lau, B. M., & Moore, R. D. (2006) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000243121.44659.a4 · Cited by 317
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Microbial Translocation and Progression of Hepatitis C
Balagopal, A., Philp, F. H., Astemborski, J. A., Block, T. M., Mehta, A. S., Long, R. E., Kirk, G. D., Mehta, S. H., Cox, A. L., Thomas, D. L., et al. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.022 · Cited by 282
Alcohol Use Accelerates HIV Disease Progression
Baum, M. K., Rafie, C. L., Lai, S., Sales, S., Page, J. B., & Campa, A. L. (2010) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0211 · Cited by 274
Crack-Cocaine Use Accelerates HIV Disease Progression in a Cohort of HIV-Positive Drug Users
Baum, M. K., Rafie, C. L., Lai, S., Sales, S., Page, B., & Campa, A. L. (2008) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181900129 · Cited by 255
Alcohol consumption and antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected persons with alcohol problems.
Samet, J., Horton, N. J., Meli, S., Freedberg, K., & Palepu, A. (2004) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000122103.74491.78 · Cited by 249
Self-citationAlcohol Consumption and HIV Disease Progression
Samet, J. H., Cheng, D. M., Libman, H., Nunes, D., Alperen, J. K., & Saitz, R. (2007) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e318142aabb · Cited by 227
Self-citationBraithwaite, R. S., McGinnis, K. A., Conigliaro, J. C., Maisto, S. A., Crystal, S., Day, N. L., Cook, R. L., Gordon, A. J., Bridges, M. W., Seiler, J. F. S., et al. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000171937.87731.28 · Cited by 221
Late presenters in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Sabin, C. A., Smith, C. J., Gumley, H., Murphy, G., Lampe, F. C., Phillips, A. N., Prinz, B., Youle, M. S., & Johnson, M. A. (2004) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-200411050-00006 · Cited by 218
Crack cocaine, disease progression, and mortality in a multicenter cohort of HIV-1 positive women
Cook, J. Α., Burke-Miller, J. K., Cohen, M. H., Cook, R. L., Vlahov, D., Wilson, T. E., Golub, E. T., Schwartz, R. M., Howard, A. A., Ponath, C., et al. (2008) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32830507f2 · Cited by 212
Weight Loss and Survival in HIV-Positive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Tang, A., Forrester, J. E., Spiegelman, D. L., Knox, T. A., Tchetgen, E. T., & Gorbach, S. L. (2002) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/00126334-200210010-00014 · Cited by 206
Kaslow, R. A. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420230078030 · Cited by 160
Micronutrients in HIV-positive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Drain, P. K., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F. M., & Fawzi, W. W. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.2.333 · Cited by 159
Conigliaro, J. C., Gordon, A. J., McGinnis, K. A., Rabeneck, L., & Justice, A. C. (2003) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/00126334-200308010-00014 · Cited by 142
Tang Alice, M., Graham Neil, M. H., Chandra, R. K., & Saah, A. J. (1997) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/127.2.345 · Cited by 134
A prospective study of HIV disease progression in female and male drug users
Webber, M. P., Schoenbaum, E. E., Gourevitch, M. N., Buono, D. L., & Klein, R. S. (1999) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199902040-00014 · Cited by 115
Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism: Mechanisms and Management
Lieber, C. S. (2011) · Cited by 102
Health Services Utilization for People with HIV Infection
Cunningham, W. E., Sohler, N., Tobias, C. R., Drainoni, M., Bradford, J., Davis, C., Cabral, H., Cunningham, C. O., Eldred, L. J., & Wong, M. D. (2006) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000242942.17968.69 · Cited by 102
Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism
Lieber, C. S. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3320-7 · Cited by 98
Veugelers, P. J., Page, K. A., Tindall, B., Schechter, M. T., Moss, A. R., Winkelstein, W., Cooper, D. A., Craib, K. J. P., Charlebois, E. D., Coutinho, R. A., et al. (1994) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117322 · Cited by 93
Behavioral Mediation of the Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors and HIV Disease Progression
Gore-Felton, C. E., & Koopman, C. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318177353e · Cited by 86
Effects of Vitamins, Including Vitamin A, on HIV/AIDS Patients
Mehta, S., & Fawzi, W. W. (2007) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(06)75013-0 · Cited by 83
Studies of Vitamins and Minerals and HIV Transmission and Disease Progression
Fawzi, W. W., Msamanga, G., Spiegelman, D. L., & Hunter, D. J. (2005) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.4.938 · Cited by 79
Role of Alcohol Abuse in Nutritional Immunosuppression ,
Watzl, B., & WATSON, R. R. (1992) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/122.suppl_3.733 · Cited by 74
Tang, A., Jacobson, D. L., Spiegelman, D. L., Knox, T. A., & WANKE, C. A. (2005) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000159627.54149.2e · Cited by 70
Chronic Binge Ethanol Consumption Accelerates Progression of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
Bagby, G. J., Zhang, P., Purcell, J. E., Didier, P. J., & Nelson, S. (2006) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00211.x · Cited by 69
Alcohol use, depressive symptoms and the receipt of antiretroviral therapy in Southwest Uganda
Martinez, P., Andia, I., Emenyonu, N., Hahn, J. A., Hauff, E., Pepper, L., & Bangsberg, D. R. (2008) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9312-x · Cited by 68
Self-citationMolina, P. E., McNurlan, M. A., Rathmacher, J. A., Lang, C. H., Zambell, K. L., Purcell, J. E., Bohm, R. P., Zhang, P., Bagby, G. J., & Nelson, S. (2006) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00252.x · Cited by 64
Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals
Quach, L., WANKE, C. A., Schmid, C. H., Gorbach, S. L., Mwamburi, D. M., Mayer, K. H., Spiegelman, D. L., & Tang, A. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.004 · Cited by 63
Influence of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Micronutrient Profiles in HIV-Infected Patients
Rousseau, M., Molines, C., Moreau, J., & Delmont, J. P. (2000) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000046686 · Cited by 58
The impact of alcohol use on depressive symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients†
Sullivan, L. E., Saitz, R., Cheng, D. M., Libman, H., Nunes, D., & Samet, J. H. (2008) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02245.x · Cited by 57
Self-citationKumar, R. K., Pérez-Casanova, A., Tirado, G., Noel, R. J., Torres, C. G., Rodríguez, I. V., Martínez, M. I., Staprans, S. I., Kraiselburd, E., Yamamura, Y., et al. (2005) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000164517.01293.84 · Cited by 54
Study, T. S. H. C., Conen, A., Fehr, J. S., Glass, T. R., Furrer, H., Weber, R. K., Vernazza, P., Hirschel, B. J., Cavassini, M. L., Bernasconi, E., et al. (2008) · Antiviral Therapy · doi:10.1177/135965350901400303 · Cited by 54
Poonia, B., Nelson, S., Bagby, G. J., Zhang, P., Quinton, L. J., & Veazey, R. S. (2006) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.589 · Cited by 53
Ghebremichael, M. S., Paintsil, E., Ickovics, J. R., Vlahov, D., Schuman, P. C., BOLAND, R. J., Schoenbaum, E. E., Moore, J. S., & Heping Zhang, D. (2009) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120802537864 · Cited by 48
Analysis of longitudinal marginal structural models
Bryan, J. (2004) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxg041 · Cited by 45
van Griensven, F., de Vroome, E. M. M., de Wolf, F., Goudsmit, J., Roos, M. T. L., & Coutinho, R. A. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115649 · Cited by 44
Crum, R. M., Galai, N., Cohn, S., Celentano, D. D., & Vlahov, D. (1996) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01654.x · Cited by 43
Marcondes, M. C. G., Watry, D. D., Zandonatti, M. A., Flynn, C. T., Taffe, M. A., & Fox, H. S. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00730.x · Cited by 40
Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection and AIDS
Penkower, L., Dew, M. A., Kingsley, L., Zhou, S., Lyketsos, C. G., Wesch, J. E., Senterfitt, J. W., Hoover, D. R., & Becker, J. T. (1995) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(95)00042-9 · Cited by 28
Míguez‐Burbano, M. J., Lewis, J. E., Fishman, J. E., Asthana, D., & Malow, R. M. (2009) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agp024 · Cited by 26
Alcohol consumption patterns in HIV-infected adults with alcohol problems
Bertholet, N., Cheng, D. M., Samet, J. H., Quinn, E. K., & Saitz, R. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.009 · Cited by 20
Self-citationEskild, A., & Petersen, G. (1994) · Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine · doi:10.1177/140349489402200309 · Cited by 17
Micronutrients and HIV disease: a review pre- and post-HAART.
Lanzillotti, J. S., & Tang, A. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Alcolhol consumption in HIV-1 infected persons: a study of immunological markers, Harare, Zimbabwe
Chandiwana, S. K., Sebit, M. B., Latif, A. S., Gomo, E., Acuda, S. W., Makoni, F., & Vushe, J. (2008) · Central African Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4314/cajm.v45i11.8505 · Cited by 13
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Helping patients who drink too much: a clinician's guide. Updated 2005 edition. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2007.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update
Rehm, J., Gmel, G. E., Gmel, G., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., Popova, S., Probst, C., Roerecke, M., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A. V., et al. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13757 · Cited by 1,204
Williams, E. C., Hahn, J. A., Saitz, R., Bryant, K., Lira, M. C., & Samet, J. H. (2016) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13204 · Cited by 294
Self-citationAdding Fuel to the Fire: Alcohol’s Effect on the HIV Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
Hahn, J. A., Woolf‐King, S. E., & Muyindike, W. R. (2011) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-011-0088-2 · Cited by 139
Self-citationHahn, J. A., Dobkin, L. M., Mayanja, B., Emenyonu, N. I., Kigozi, I., Shiboski, S. C., Bangsberg, D. R., Gnann, H., Weinmann, W., & Wurst, F. M. (2011) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01669.x · Cited by 125
Self-citationBajunirwe, F., Haberer, J. E., Boum, Y., Hunt, P. W., Mocello, A. R., Martin, J. N., Bangsberg, D. R., & Hahn, J. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113152 · Cited by 107
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hahn, J. A., & Samet, J. H.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco General Hospital (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hahn, Judith A.
- Venue
- Current HIV/AIDS Reports
- Published
- 2010-09-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 226-233
- ISSN
- 1548-3568 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-3576
- PMC
- PMC2938419
- OpenAlex
- W2166084084
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Current HIV/AIDS Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- OpenBU (Boston University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K24AA015674)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, HIV disease progression, heavy drinking, CD4 count decline, HIV viral load, AIDS diagnosis, simian immunodeficiency virus, macaque, behavioral mechanisms, biological mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Disease Susceptibility, HIV, Humans, Liver Diseases, Patient Compliance, Risk-Taking, Health Behavior, HIV Infections, Behavior, Addictive, Disease Progression, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-HIV Agents, Viral Load, Malnutrition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
