Abbreviated psychologic questionnaires are valid in patients with hand conditions
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) can help hand surgeons identify opportunities for psychologic support, but they are time consuming. If easier-to-use tools were available and valid, they might be widely adopted. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We tested the validity of shorter versions of the PCS and SHAI, the PCS-4 and the SHAI-5, by assessing: (1) the difference in mean scaled scores of the short and long questionnaires; (2) floor and ceiling effects between the short and long questionnaires; (3) correlation between the short questionnaires and the outcome measures (an indication of construct validity); and (4) variability in disability and pain, between the short and long questionnaires. METHODS: One hundred sixty-four new or followup adult patients in one hand surgery clinic completed the SHAI-18, SHAI-5, PCS-13, PCS-4, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, PHQ-2, DASH, and QuickDASH questionnaires, and an ordinal pain scale, as part of a prospective cross-sectional study. Mean scores for the short and long questionnaires were compared with paired t-tests. Floor and ceiling effects were calculated. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the correlation between the short and long questionnaires and with outcome measures. Regression analyses were performed to find predictors of pain and disability. RESULTS: There were small, but significant differences between the mean scores for the DASH and QuickDASH (QuickDASH higher), SHAI-18 and SHAI-5 (SHAI-18 higher), and PCS-13 and PCS-4 (PCS-4 higher), but not the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2. Floor effects ranged between 0% and 65% and ceiling effects between 0% and 3%. There were greater floor effects for the PHQ-2 than for the PHQ-9, but floor and ceiling effects were otherwise comparable for the other short and long questionnaires. All questionnaires showed convergent and divergent validity and criterion validity was shown in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Content validity, construct convergent validity, and criterion validity were established for the short versions of the PCS and SHAI. Using shorter forms creates small differences in mean values that we believe are unlikely to affect study results and are more efficient and advantageous because of the decreased responder burden.
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The short version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-4) has been validated in surgical and chronic pain populations.
“PCS-4 has been validated in surgical [83] and chronic pain populations [84].”
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- Authors
- Bot, A. G. J., Becker, S. J. E., van Dijk, N. C., Ring, D., & Vranceanu, A.-M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 471
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4037-4044
- ISSN
- 0009-921X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3825874
- OpenAlex
- W1975355776
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Short Health Anxiety Inventory, short-form questionnaire, psychometric validity, hand conditions, hand surgery, pain catastrophizing, health anxiety, depression screening, Patient Health Questionnaire, DASH, QuickDASH, floor and ceiling effects
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Disability Evaluation, Female, Hand, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Catastrophization
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