The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chitin and Its Effects on Inflammatory and Immune Responses
Open accessAbstract
Chitin, a potential allergy-promoting pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), is a linear polymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues which are linked by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Mammalians are potential hosts for chitin-containing protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes; however, mammalians themselves do not synthetize chitin and thus it is considered as a potential target for recognition by mammalian immune system. Chitin is sensed primarily in the lungs or gut where it activates a variety of innate (eosinophils, macrophages) and adaptive immune cells (IL-4/IL-13 expressing T helper type-2 lymphocytes). Chitin induces cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of chitin (varying in size, degree of acetylation and purity) to mice has been applied as a routine approach to investigate chitin’s priming effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Structural chitin present in microorganisms is actively degraded by host true chitinases, including acidic mammalian chitinases and chitotriosidase into smaller fragments that can be sensed by mammalian receptors such as FIBCD1, NKR-P1, and RegIIIc. Immune recognition of chitin also involves pattern recognition receptors, mainly via TLR-2 and Dectin-1, to activate immune cells to induce cytokine production and creation of an immune network that results in inflammatory and allergic responses. In this review, we will focus on various immunological aspects of the interaction between chitin and host immune system such as sensing, interactions with immune cells, chitinases as chitin degrading enzymes, and immunologic applications of chitin.
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1 retracted
RETRACTED: Chitin, Chitosan, and Its Derivatives for Wound Healing: Old and New Materials
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Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin
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Role of Chitin and Chitinase/Chitinase-Like Proteins in Inflammation, Tissue Remodeling, and Injury
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Abd El-Hack, M., Shafi, M., Alghamdi, W., Abdelnour, S., Shehata, A., Noreldin, A., Ashour, E., Swelum, A., Al-Sagan, A., Alkhateeb, M., et al. (2020) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture10080339 · Cited by 208
Chitosan and hyaluronic-based hydrogels could promote the infected wound healing
Bai, Q., Gao, Q., Hu, F., Zheng, C., Chen, W., Sun, N., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., & Lu, T. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123271 · Cited by 125
Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins as biomarkers in neurologic disorders
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Metadata
- Authors
- Elieh Ali Komi, D., Sharma, L., & Dela Cruz, C. S.
- Venue
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
- Published
- 2017-03-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 213-223
- ISSN
- 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0267
- OpenAlex
- W2594616832
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 79
- FWCI
- 8.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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