Role of Chitin and Chitinase/Chitinase-Like Proteins in Inflammation, Tissue Remodeling, and Injury
Open accessAbstract
The 18 glycosyl hydrolase family of chitinases is an ancient gene family that is widely expressed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In mammals, despite the absence of endogenous chitin, a number of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (C/CLPs) have been identified. However, their roles have only recently begun to be elucidated. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibits chitin-induced innate inflammation; augments chitin-free, allergen-induced Th2 inflammation; and mediates effector functions of IL-13. The CLPs BRP-39/YKL-40 (also termed chitinase 3-like 1) inhibit oxidant-induced lung injury, augments adaptive Th2 immunity, regulates apoptosis, stimulates alternative macrophage activation, and contributes to fibrosis and wound healing. In accord with these findings, levels of YKL-40 in the lung and serum are increased in asthma and other inflammatory and remodeling disorders and often correlate with disease severity. Our understanding of the roles of C/CLPs in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and tissue injury in health and disease is reviewed below.
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“The secretion of this protein is regulated inter alia by IL-6, and it requires activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which participates in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis [18,19].”
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- Authors
- Lee, C. G., Da Silva, C. A., Dela Cruz, C. S., Ahangari, F., Ma, B., Kang, M.-J., He, C.-H., Takyar, S., & Elias, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8057;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Physiology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-03-17
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 479-501
- ISSN
- 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1585
- PMC
- PMC3864643
- OpenAlex
- W2099556150
- Semantic Scholar
- 3930441f36999e67e2717c57133265cafc2f5d3e
- Cited by
- 896
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL093017, R01HL081639, U01HL108638, T32HL007778, K08HL103770)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Keywords
- chitinase-like proteins, acidic mammalian chitinase, YKL-40, type 2 inflammation, IL-13, asthma, lung injury, fibrosis, wound healing, tissue remodeling, alternative macrophage activation, apoptosis, innate immunity
- MeSH terms
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1, Animals, Chitin, Chitinases, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycoproteins, Humans, Inflammation, Lung Diseases, Neoplasms, Giant Cell Arteritis, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Lectins, Atherosclerosis, Mice, Adipokines, Airway Remodeling
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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