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Environmental governance under Bolsonaro: dismantling institutions, curtailing participation, delegitimising opposition
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Tensions concerning environmental governance have increased in Brazil since the far-right came to power in 2016. We offer insight into this process by analysing the first two years of Jair Bolsonaro's (2019-ongoing) environmental policies-namely, how Brazil's environmental protection arrangements are being dismantled. We find that the Bolsonaro administration centralises environmental governance in Brazil through complementary authoritarian and populist means. First in restricting participatory decision-making spaces such as the National Environmental Council (Conama) and the National Council of the Legal Amazon (CNAL), and, second, by attacking indigenous and traditional peoples, NGOs, scientists, and other environmental defenders. To illustrate the authoritarian dimension of Bolsonaro's environmental governance, we carry out a political-institutional analysis of contemporary Brazilian environmental politics and then exemplify the ways and extent to which attacks against environmental defenders is a constituent part of Bolsonaro's environmental populism. We hold that such attacks are not merely rhetorical but a political tactic to legitimise Bolsonaro's authoritarian environmental governance in the promotion of 'total extractivism' while maintaining a populist appeal.
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“but similar dynamics shape Bolsonaro's Brazil, Fujimori's Peru, and contemporary Serbia, where bureaucratic continuity conceals deep politicization and patronage- driven governance (Bauer and Becker2020; Peters and Pierre 2022; Menezes and Barbosa 2021; Peci2021; Radeljić and Đorđević2020)”
From Authoritarian Drift, Variegated Paths: Mapping Administrative Transformation Strategies Under Illiberal Rule (2025) · cites this paper as Menezes and Barbosa 2021
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A reconstrução de capacidades estatais: um estudo da política ambiental e climática brasileira
Pereira, A. K., Apollo, G., Targino, Y. D. O., de Lima, L. D. M. T., Mota, M., Lopes, W., & Rosim, D. (2026) · Opinião Pública · doi:10.1590/1807-0191202632104
Biology when convenient: selective biological authority and anti-conservation politicsPreprint
Pinto, V. D. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7181489
CO2-Index: o quão emissores são os deputados brasileiros?
de Albuquerque, M. C. M., Moreira, L., & Sora, P. (2026) · Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política · doi:10.1590/0103-3352.2026.46.296828
Metadata
- Authors
- Menezes, R. G., & Barbosa, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Barbosa, Ricardo
- Venue
- Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 229-247
- ISSN
- 1865-2646 (ISSN-L)
- 1865-2654
- PMC
- PMC8358914
- OpenAlex
- W3196233990
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 52.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Politics and Society in Latin America
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
- Keywords
- environmental governance, Bolsonaro government, authoritarianism, environmental defenders, indigenous peoples, participatory decision-making, far right, Brazil
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