The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hypothyroidism in Context: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going
Open accessAbstract
Hypothyroidism affects up to 5% of the general population, with a further estimated 5% being undiagnosed. Over 99% of affected patients suffer from primary hypothyroidism. Worldwide, environmental iodine deficiency is the most common cause of all thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, but in areas of iodine sufficiency, Hashimoto's disease (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis) is the most common cause of thyroid failure. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed biochemically, being overt primary hypothyroidism defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations above and thyroxine concentrations below the normal reference range. Symptoms of hypothyroidism are non-specific and include mild to moderate weight gain, fatigue, poor concentration, depression, and menstrual irregularities, while the consequences of untreated or under-treated hypothyroidism include cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. Levothyroxine has long been the main tool for treating hypothyroidism and is one of the world's most widely prescribed medicines. In adults with overt hypothyroidism, levothyroxine is usually prescribed at a starting dose of 1.6 µg/kg/day, which is then titrated to achieve optimal TSH levels (0.4-4.0 mIU/L), according to the therapeutic target. We here summarise the history of levothyroxine and discuss future issues regarding the optimal treatment of hypothyroidism. Because nearly one-third of patients with treated hypothyroidism still exhibit symptoms, it is important that levothyroxine is used more appropriately to achieve maximum benefit for patients. In order to ensure this, further research should include more accurate assessments of the true prevalence of hypothyroidism in the community, optimisation of the levothyroxine substitution dose, proper duration of treatment, and identification of patients who may benefit from combination therapy with levothyroxine plus levotriiodothyronine.Funding: Merck.Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article.
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Cited by
Levothyroxine interactions with food and dietary supplements – a systematic review
Wiesner, A., Gajewska, D., & Paśko, P. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14030206 · Cited by 85
“Levothyroxine ( L ‐ thyroxine, L ‐ T4) is a drug of choice for treating primary hypothyroidism, which in developing countries generally occurs due to Hashimoto thyroiditis, thyroidectomy, or iodine deficiency [1].”
BackgroundSawicka-Gutaj, N., Zawalna, N., Gut, P., & Ruchała, M. (2022) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-022-00377-w · Cited by 57
Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal dysmotility: an old association
Xu, G.-M., Hu, M.-X., Li, S.-Y., Ran, X., Zhang, H., & Ding, X.-F. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1389113 · Cited by 47
Bednarczuk, T., Attanasio, R., Hegedüs, L., Nagy, E. V., Negro, R., Papini, E., Perros, P., & Ruchała, M. (2021) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.a2021.0048 · Cited by 33
Risks of suboptimal and excessive thyroid hormone replacement across ages
Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Effraimidis, G., Bliddal, S., & Klose, M. (2023) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02229-7 · Cited by 23
“Other drug intakes can also influence the thyroid-related hormone measurements as well [6].”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Chiovato, L., Magri, F., & Carlé, A.
- Venue
- Advances in Therapy
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- S2
- Pages
- 47-58
- ISSN
- 0741-238X (ISSN-L)
- 1865-8652
- OpenAlex
- W2971859269
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 82
- FWCI
- 19.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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