Health and welfare in organic livestock production systems—a systematic mapping of current knowledge
Open accessAbstract
This review aimed to systematically map and summarize the status of animal health and welfare in organic production. The prevalence of diseases and behavioural effects in organic dairy cow, beef cattle, sheep, pig, laying hen and broiler chicken were discussed in the context of the organic values and current knowledge on animal health and welfare. In total 166 peer-reviewed scientific publications between 2008 and 2020 were included. No strong evidence for neither inferior nor distinctly higher animal welfare in organic compared with conventional production could be supported. The welfare status of organic livestock is in general good in relation to the OIE definition of animal health and welfare. However, organic systems are still facing several challenges related to animal health and the arising of goal conflicts due to management and practical implications. Greater possibilities to perform species-specific behaviours in organic production systems, however, indicate that the organic standards offer a good framework for high animal welfare management. For organic dairy farmers, the main health problems are similar to those of non-organic farms; especially mastitis and lameness need improvement. Parasites, together with mastitis and lamb mortality, are important welfare issues in organic sheep production. Piglet mortality, leg problems, parasite load and increasing respiratory problems are of major relevance in organic pig production. For organic laying hens, major health challenges relate to feather pecking and cannibalism, parasites and possibilities to express species-specific behaviours. For organic broilers, dermatitis of footpads, hocks and breast are reported as main health issues.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Animals in organic production, especially beef animals, have a greater possibility to express natural behaviors.
“In general, animals in organic production, especially beef animals, have a greater possibility to express natural behaviors (Presto Åkerfeldt et al. 2021).”
From Delivering “less but better” meat in practice—a case study of a farm in agroecological transition (2022) · cites this paper as Presto Åkerfeldt et al. 2021
The Conclusions say organic regulations seem to better enable species-specific behaviours, supporting the general claim. But the Results section on dairy cows and beef cattle says no studies of naturalness in organic cattle were found; it does not support singling out beef animals as especially advantaged. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLameness is commonly reported to be a problem in both organic and conventional production.
“Lameness is however commonly reported to be a problem in both organic and conventional production (Presto Åkerfeldt et al. 2021)”
From Delivering “less but better” meat in practice—a case study of a farm in agroecological transition (2022) · cites this paper as Presto Åkerfeldt et al. 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.
Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 · Cited by 26,092 · see citing works
Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review
Mie, A., Andersen, H. R., Gunnarsson, S., Kahl, J., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Rembiałkowska, E., Quaglio, G., & Grandjean, P. (2017) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Self-citationThe impact of genetic selection for increased milk yield on the welfare of dairy cows
Oltenacu, P. A., & Broom, D. M. (2010) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600002220 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Ika Darnhofer, A., Lindenthal, T., Bartel-Kratochvil, R., & Zollitsch, W. J. (2009) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1051/agro/2009011 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Sundrum, A. (2001) · Livestock Production Science · doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00188-3 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in England and Wales
Barker, Z. E., Leach, K. A., Whay, H., et al. (2010) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2309 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review
Röös, E., Mie, A., Wivstad, M., Salomon, E., Johansson, B., Gunnarsson, S., Wallenbeck, A., Hoffmann, R., Nilsson, U., Sundberg, C., et al. (2018) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-018-0489-3 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prevention and control of feather pecking in laying hens: identifying the underlying principles
Rodenburg, T. B., van Krimpen, M. M., de Jong, I. C., et al. (2013) · World s Poultry Science Journal · doi:10.1017/s0043933913000354 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Leach, K. A., Whay, H., Maggs, C. M., et al. (2010) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.02.014 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Fanatico, A. C., Pillai, P. B., Cavitt, L. C., et al. (2005) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/84.8.1321 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Causes of mortality in laying hens in different housing systems in 2001 to 2004
Fossum, O., Jansson, D. S., Etterlin, P. E., et al. (2009) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-3 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Codoi, V., & Iancu, R. M. (2012) · Scientific Papers - Series A, Agronomy · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Hovi, M., Sundrum, A., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2003) · Livestock Production Science · doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00320-2 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Definition of animal breeding goals for sustainable production systems.
Olesen, I., Groen, A. F., & Gjerde, B. (2000) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2000.783570x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Schwendel, B. H., Wester, T. J., Morel, P. C. H., Tavendale, M. H., Deadman, C., Shadbolt, N. M., & Otter, D. E. (2014) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8389 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights
Roepstorff, A., Mejer, H., Nejsum, P. L., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.029 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Statement on the use of animal‐based measures to assess the welfare of animals
(AHAW), E. P. O. A. H. A. W. (2012) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2767 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Fanatico, A. C., Pillai, P. B., Hester, P. Y., et al. (2008) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.2006-00424 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Dippel, S., Dolezal, M., Brenninkmeyer, C., et al. (2009) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2288 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Lameness prevalence and risk factors in organic and non-organic dairy herds in the United Kingdom
Rutherford, K., Langford, F. M., Jack, M. C., et al. (2008) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.03.015 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
A multicriteria approach for measuring the sustainability of different poultry production systems
Castellini, C., Boggia, A., Cortina, C., Bosco, A. D., Paolotti, L., Novelli, E., & Mugnai, C. (2012) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.006 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Toma, L., Stott, A. W., Heffernan, C., et al. (2012) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.009 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Levison, L., Miller-Cushon, E. K., Tucker, A. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9809 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The welfare of layer hens in cage and cage-free housing systems
Hartcher, K., & Jones, B. (2017) · World s Poultry Science Journal · doi:10.1017/s0043933917000812 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Dairy cows value access to pasture as highly as fresh feed
von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., Cestari, A. A., Franks, B., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44953 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Research on animal health and welfare in organic farming—a literature review
Lund, V., & Algers, B. (2003) · Livestock Production Science · doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00321-4 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Task-based agricultural mobile robots in arable farming: A review
Aravind, K. R., Raja, P., & Ruiz, M. P. (2017) · Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.5424/sjar/2017151-9573 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Rutherford, K., Langford, F. M., Jack, M. C., et al. (2008) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0847 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
van Wagenberg, C. P. A., de Haas, Y., Hogeveen, H., van Krimpen, M. M., Meuwissen, M. P. M., van Middelaar, C. E., & Rodenburg, T. B. (2017) · animal · doi:10.1017/s175173111700115x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hoogenboom, L. A. P., Bokhorst, J. G., Northolt, M. D., et al. (2008) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/02652030802014930 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Thapa, S., Hinrichsen, L. K., Brenninkmeyer, C., et al. (2015) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.10.009 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Hales, J., Moustsen, V. A., Nielsen, M. B. F., et al. (2013) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731113001869 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Winter, J. R., Kaler, J., Ferguson, E., et al. (2015) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.014 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A review of key health-related welfare issues in organic poultry production
de Weerd, H. A. V., Keatinge, R., & Roderick, S. (2009) · World s Poultry Science Journal · doi:10.1017/s0043933909000464 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Assessment of herd management on organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States
Stiglbauer, K. E., Cicconi-Hogan, K. M., Richert, R. M., Schukken, Y. H., Ruegg, P. L., & Gamroth, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2012-5845 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ascarid infections in laying hens kept in different housing systems
Jansson, D. S., Nyman, A.-K., Vågsholm, I., et al. (2010) · Avian Pathology · doi:10.1080/03079457.2010.527923 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Sherwin, C. M., Nasr, M. A. F., Gale, E. J., et al. (2013) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/00071668.2012.757577 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Tuyttens, F., Heyndrickx, M., Boeck, M. D., et al. (2007) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.019 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Castellini, C., Mugnai, C., Moscati, L., Mattioli, S., Amato, M. G., Mancinelli, A. C., & Bosco, A. D. (2016) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2015.1131893 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Prevalence and associated management factors of Cryptosporidium shedding in 50 Swedish dairy herds
Silverlås, C., Emanuelson, U., de Verdier, K., & Björkman, C. (2009) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.04.006 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Scientific Opinion on the use of animal-based measures to assess welfare in pigs
(AHAW), E. P. O. A. H. A. W. (2012) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2512 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cornale, P., Macchi, E., Miretti, S., Renna, M., Lussiana, C., Perona, G., & Mimosi, A. (2015) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2015.05.002 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Caroprese, M. (2008) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Bennedsgaard, T. W., Klaas, I. C., & Vaarst, M. (2010) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.03.018 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Höglund, J., Dahlström, F., Engström, A., et al. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Pop hole use by hens with different keel fracture status monitored throughout the laying period
Richards, G., Wilkins, L. J., Knowles, T. G., et al. (2012) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.100489 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ivemeyer, S., Smolders, G., Brinkmann, J., Gratzer, E., Hansen, B., Henriksen, B. I. F., Huber, J., Leeb, C., March, S., Mejdell, C. M., et al. (2012) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.023 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Concepts of Animal Health and Welfare in Organic Livestock Systems
Vaarst, M., & Alrøe, H. F. (2011) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-011-9314-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Mycoplasma bovis infections in Swiss dairy cattle: a clinical investigation
Aebi, M., van den Borne, B. H. P., Raemy, A., et al. (2015) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0099-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A review of sow and piglet behaviour and performance in group housing systems for lactating sows
van Nieuwamerongen, S. E., Bolhuis, J. E., van der Peet-Schwering, C. M. C., et al. (2014) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731113002280 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Poizat, A., Beaugrand, F., Rault, A., Fourichon, C., & Bareille, N. (2017) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.016 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
van Nieuwamerongen, S. E., Soede, N. M., van der Peet-Schwering, C. M. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2015-9460 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Lesions found at routine meat inspection on finishing pigs are associated with production system
Kongsted, H., & Sørensen, J. T. (2017) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.016 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Monitoring the welfare of sheep in organic and conventional farms using an ANI 35 L derived method
Napolitano, F., Rosa, G. D., Ferrante, V., et al. (2009) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.04.001 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wilhelmsson, S., Yngvesson, J., Jönsson, L., Gunnarsson, S., & Wallenbeck, A. (2018) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.11.010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationJensen, M. B., Studnitz, M., & Pedersen, L. J. (2010) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2010.01.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Breeding for behavioural change in farm animals: practical, economic and ethical considerations
D’Eath, R. B., Conington, J., Lawrence, A. B., et al. (2010) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600002207 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mederos, A., Fernández, S., VanLeeuwen, J. A., et al. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.018 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The conceptualisation of health and disease in veterinary medicine
Gunnarsson, S. (2006) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/1751-0147-48-20 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationSocialising piglets in lactation positively affects their post-weaning behaviour
Morgan, T., Pluske, J. R., Miller, D. W., et al. (2014) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2014.06.001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Richert, R. M., Cicconi-Hogan, K. M., Gamroth, M. J., Schukken, Y. H., Stiglbauer, K. E., & Ruegg, P. L. (2013) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2012-5980 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Environmental contamination and transmission of Ascaris suum in Danish organic pig farms
Katakam, K. K., Thamsborg, S. M., Dalsgaard, A., et al. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1349-0 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Temporary confinement of loose-housed hyperprolific sows reduces piglet mortality1
Hales, J., Moustsen, V. A., Nielsen, M. B. F., et al. (2015) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2015-8973 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Animal Health and Welfare Issues Facing Organic Production Systems
Sutherland, M. A., Webster, J., & Sutherland, I. A. (2013) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani3041021 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Description of organic pig production in Europe
Früh, B., Bochicchio, D., Edwards, S. A., et al. (2013) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-013-0056-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Turner, S. P. (2011) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.06.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gocsik, É., Brooshooft, S. D., de Jong, I. C., et al. (2016) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2016.04.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Occupational exposure to particles and mitochondrial DNA - relevance for blood pressure
Xu, Y., Li, H., Hedmer, M., Hossain, M. B., Tinnerberg, H., Bröberg, K., & Albin, M. C. (2017) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0234-4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Evaluation of trace element status of organic dairy cattle
Orjales, I., Herrero, C., Miranda, M., et al. (2017) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731117002890 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Alban, L., Petersen, J., & Busch, M. E. (2015) · Porcine Health Management · doi:10.1186/2055-5660-1-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Vaccination against GnRH: pros and cons
EINARSSON, S. (2006) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/1751-0147-48-s1-s10 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Åkerfeldt, M. P., Algers, B., Persson, E., et al. (2008) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.10.007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal welfare, ethics and organic farming.
Verhoog, H., Lund, V. P., & Alrøe, H. F. (2003) · CABI Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1079/9780851996684.0073 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kantzoura, V., Diakou, Α., Kouam, M. K., et al. (2013) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2013.08.010 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Garmo, R. T., Waage, S., Sviland, S., et al. (2010) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/1751-0147-52-11 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rezaei, M., Yngvesson, J., Gunnarsson, S., et al. (2017) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-017-0178-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of three husbandry systems on health, welfare and productivity of organic pigs
Leeb, C., Rudolph, G., Bochicchio, D., et al. (2019) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731119000041 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Factors affecting trace element status in calves in NW Spain
Blanco–Penedo, I., Shore, R. F., Miranda, M., et al. (2008) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.11.011 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationGouveia, K., Vaz‐Pires, P., & da Costa, P. M. (2009) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600000051 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Terlouw, C. E. M., Berne, A., & Astruc, T. (2008) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.08.016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sow-level risk factors for stillbirth of piglets in organic sow herds
Rangstrup-Christensen, L., Krogh, M. A., Pedersen, L. J., et al. (2016) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731116002408 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Verdon, M., Morrison, R. S., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2016) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Possible risk factors for keel bone damage in organic laying hens
Jung, L., Niebuhr, K., Hinrichsen, L. K., et al. (2019) · animal · doi:10.1017/s175173111900003x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of free-range and confined housing on joint health in a herd of fattening pigs
Etterlin, P. E., Ytrehus, B., Lundeheim, N., et al. (2014) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0208-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dickins, A., Clark, C. C. A., Kaler, J., et al. (2016) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.06.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Helminth infection is associated with hen mortality in Danish organic egg production
Hinrichsen, L. K., Labouriau, R., Engberg, R. M., et al. (2016) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.103614 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sow level risk factors for early piglet mortality and crushing in organic outdoor production
Rangstrup-Christensen, L., Krogh, M. A., Pedersen, L. J., et al. (2017) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731117002178 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Welfare assessment of conventional and organic broilers in Denmark, with emphasis on leg health
Tahamtani, F. M., Hinrichsen, L. K., & Riber, A. B. (2018) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.104817 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Müller, U., & Sauerwein, H. (2009) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Post-mortem findings and piglet mortality in relation to strategic use of straw at farrowing
Westin, R., Holmgren, N., Hultgren, J., et al. (2015) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.023 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The relation between farm specific factors and prevalence of Clostridium difficile in slaughter pigs
Keessen, E. C., van den Berkt, A. J., Haasjes, N. H., et al. (2011) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.032 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Krieger, M., Sjöström, K., Blanco–Penedo, I., Madouasse, A., Duval, J. E., Bareille, N., Fourichon, C., Sundrum, A., & Emanuelson, U. (2017) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.015 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationLeenstra, F. R., Maurer, V., Galea, F., et al. (2014) · Archiv für Geflügelkunde · doi:10.1399/eps.2014.53 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wallenbeck, A., Rydhmer, L., & Lundeheim, N. (2008) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.11.003 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Höglund, J., Elmahalawy, S. T., Halvarsson, P., et al. (2019) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.100018 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kantzoura, V., Kouam, M. K., Theodoropoulou, H., et al. (2012) · Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojvm.2012.21005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lameness prevalence and risk factors in organic dairy herds in four European countries
Sjöström, K., Fall, N., Blanco–Penedo, I., et al. (2017) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2017.12.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationMederos, A., Waddell, L. A., Sánchez, J., Kelton, D. F., Peregrine, A. S., MENZIES, P. I., VanLeeuwen, J. A., & Rajić, A. (2011) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.10.012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Causes of preweaning mortality in organic outdoor sow herds
Rangstrup-Christensen, L., Schild, S.-L. A., Pedersen, L. J., et al. (2018) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.02.010 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gosling, R. J., Mueller-Doblies, D., Martelli, F., Nuñéz-García, J., Kell, N., Rabie, A., Wales, A. D., & Davies, R. (2018) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.032 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Perceptions and risk factors for lameness on organic and small conventional dairy farms
Richert, R. M., Cicconi, K. M., Gamroth, M. J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2012-6257 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bohnenkamp, A.-L., Traulsen, I., Meyer, C., et al. (2012) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731112001541 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bergman, M., Richert, R. M., Cicconi-Hogan, K. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7766 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Novobilský, A., Sollenberg, S., & Höglund, J. (2015) · Geospatial health · doi:10.4081/gh.2015.351 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Activity behaviour and social interactions of pigs raised outdoors and indoors
Presto, M. H., Andersson, H., Folestam, S., et al. (2008) · Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht · doi:10.5194/aab-51-338-2008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bowman, D. D., Grazette, A. R., Basel, C., Wang, Y., & Hostetler, J. A. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1293-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Duval, J. E., Bareille, N., Fourichon, C., Madouasse, A., & Vaarst, M. (2016) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Osteochondrosis, but not lameness, is more frequent among free-range pigs than confined herd-mates
Etterlin, P. E., Morrison, D. A., Österberg, J., Ytrehus, B., Heldmer, E., & Ekman, S. (2015) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0154-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pasture is a risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection in fattening pigs
Wallander, C., Frössling, J., Dórea, F. C., et al. (2016) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Holinger, M., Früh, B., Stoll, P., Kreuzer, M., & Hillmann, E. (2018) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Herd- and sow-related risk factors for lameness in organic and conventional sow herds
Knage-Rasmussen, K. M., Houe, H., Rousing, T., et al. (2013) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731113001900 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bestman, M., Verwer, C. M., Brenninkmeyer, C., et al. (2017) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.26.3.355 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Benoît, M., Tournadre, H., Dulphy, J. P., Laignel, G., Prache, S., & Cabaret, J. (2009) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731109004133 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sundberg, T., Rydhmer, L., Fikse, W. F., et al. (2010) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2010.496003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Immune-mediated pathology of nematode infection in sheep – is immunity beneficial to the animal?
Williams, A. R. (2011) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182010001654 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effect of a high-fibre diet on the feeding behaviour of fattening pigs
Kallabis, K. E., & KAUFMANN, O. W. (2012) · Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht · doi:10.5194/aab-55-272-2012 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Organic dairy farmers put more emphasis on production traits than conventional farmers
Slagboom, M., Kargo, M., Edwards, D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11346 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Leiber, F., Dorn, K., Probst, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029915000205 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs
Burke, J. M., Miller, J. E., Mosjidis, J. A., & Terrill, T. H. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Parasites and parasite management practices of organic and conventional dairy herds in Minnesota
Sorge, U. S., Moon, R. D., Stromberg, B. E., et al. (2015) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2014-9031 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Blanco–Penedo, I., López‐Alonso, M., Shore, R. F., et al. (2012) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731112000298 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationTurpin, D. L., Langendijk, P., Plush, K. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0144-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wallenbeck, A., Wilhelmsson, S., Jönsson, L., Gunnarsson, S., & Yngvesson, J. (2016) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2017.1303081 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKern, G., Traulsen, I., Kemper, N., et al. (2013) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.09.008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Åkerfeldt, M. P., Nihlstrand, J., Neil, M., et al. (2018) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-018-0216-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationÅkerfeldt, M. P., Rundgren, M., & Wallenbeck, A. (2013) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2013.793734 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationWolff, C., Emanuelson, U., Ohlson, A., et al. (2015) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-014-0091-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
An evaluation of the ability of Dichelobacter nodosus to survive in soil
Cederlöf, S. E., Hansen, T., Klaas, I. C., et al. (2013) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/1751-0147-55-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Brenninkmeyer, C., Dippel, S., Brinkmann, J., March, S., Winckler, C., & Knierim, U. (2015) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731115001032 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lund, V. P., Nielsen, L. R., Oliveira, A. R., & Christensen, J. P. (2017) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps/pex024 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Prunier, A., Dippel, S., Bochicchio, D., et al. (2013) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-013-0040-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Thomsson, O., Sjunnesson, Y. C. B., Magnusson, U., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156581 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Holinger, M., Früh, B., Stoll, P., Graage, R., Wirth, S., Bruckmaier, R., Prunier, A., Kreuzer, M., & Hillmann, E. (2018) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.019 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Evaluation of the EU legislation on organic farming
Sanders, J. (2013) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sow performance and maternal behaviour in organic and conventional herds
Wallenbeck, A., Gustafson, G. M., & Rydhmer, L. (2009) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064700903307824 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Malissiova, E., Papadopoulos, T. A., Kyriazi, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029917000103 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Verdon, M., Morrison, R. S., & Rault, J. (2019) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731119000478 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Eriksson, M., Waldenstedt, L., Elwinger, K., et al. (2010) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2010.502243 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Animal health, welfare and production problems in organic weaner pigs
Leeb, C., Hegelund, L., Edwards, S. A., et al. (2013) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-013-0054-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Langford, F. M., Rutherford, K., Sherwood, L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3309 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
May, K., Brügemann, K., König, S., et al. (2017) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bergmann, S., Louton, H., Westermaier, C., et al. (2016) · Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift · doi:10.2376/0005-9366-16035 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lindgren, Y., Lundeheim, N., Boqvist, S., et al. (2013) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/1751-0147-55-33 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Bermúdez, R., Miranda, M., Orjales, I., et al. (2017) · Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.5424/sjar/2017151-10037 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wierup, M., Wahlström, H., Lahti, E. T., Eriksson, H., Jansson, D. S., Odelros, Å., & Ernholm, L. (2017) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0281-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Let me sleep! Welfare of broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) with disrupted resting behaviour
Yngvesson, J., Wedin, M., Gunnarsson, S., et al. (2017) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2018.1485729 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSundrum, A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52512-3.00158-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Health and welfare of organic pigs in Europe assessed with animal-based parameters
Dippel, S., Leeb, C., Bochicchio, D., et al. (2013) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-013-0041-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zoiopoulos, P. E., & Hadjigeorgiou, I. (2013) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su5073077 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Improving Animal Health on Organic Dairy Farms: Stakeholder Views on Policy Options
Krieger, M., Jones, P., Blanco–Penedo, I., et al. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12073001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationSarıca, M., Yamak, U. S., & Boz, M. A. (2014) · Archiv für Geflügelkunde · doi:10.1399/eps.2014.52 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sow body condition at weaning and reproduction performance in organic piglet production
Kongsted, A. G., & Hermansen, J. E. (2009) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064700903071768 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effects of turning to 100% organic feed on metabolic status of Swedish organic dairy cows
Blanco–Penedo, I., Fall, N., & Emanuelson, U. (2011) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2011.09.023 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal health and welfare in production systems for organic fattening pigs
Lindgren, K., Bochicchio, D., Hegelund, L., et al. (2014) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-014-0069-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Organic dairy farming in Norway under the 100% organically produced feed requirement
Flåten, O., & Lien, G. (2009) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.05.014 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ellis, K. A., Jackson, A., Bexiga, R., et al. (2011) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.d5021 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Öhlund, E., Hammer, M., & Björklund, J. (2017) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2017.1399514 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Les problèmes sanitaires en élevage biologique : réalités, conceptions et pratiques
Cabaret, J., & Nicourt, C. (2009) · INRAE Productions Animales · doi:10.20870/productions-animales.2009.22.3.3350 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of Selenium Yeast Supplementation on Naturally Acquired Parasitic Infection in Ewes
Hooper, K. J., Bobe, G., Vorachek, W. R., Bishop, J. K., Mosher, W. D., Pirelli, G. J., Kent, M. L., & Hall, J. A. (2014) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-014-0134-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Grimberg-Henrici, C. G. E., Büttner, K., Lohmeier, R. Y., et al. (2018) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2018.12.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Centoducati, P., Maggiolino, A., Palo, P. D., et al. (2014) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2014.11.002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Treatment Options for Lameness Disorders in Organic Dairies
Pinedo, P. J., Vélez, J., Manríquez, D., et al. (2017) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.03.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Skomorucha, I., & Sosnówka-Czajka, E. (2017) · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica · doi:10.21005/asp.2017.16.3.04 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Welfare state of dairy cows in three European low-input and organic systems
Kirchner, M. K., Ferris, C. P., Abecia, L., et al. (2014) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-014-0074-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Blanco–Penedo, I., Lundh, T., Holtenius, K., et al. (2014) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.07.016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWerner, C., Schubbert, A., Schrödl, W., et al. (2014) · Archives of Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1080/1745039x.2013.876184 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dao, H. T., Hunt, P. W., Sharma, N., et al. (2018) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps/pey383 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Arroyo, L., Valent, D., Carreras, R., Peña, R., Sabrià, J., Velarde, A., & Bassols, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210406 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Behavioural indicators of sheep and goat welfare in organic and conventional Norwegian farms
Hansen, I. (2015) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2015.1050447 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Protein supply in organic broiler diets
Eriksson, M., Waldenstedt, L., Engström, B. E., et al. (2009) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064700903358256 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Impact of animal health management on organic pig farming in Greece
Papatsiros, V. G. (2011) · Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry · doi:10.2298/bah1101115p · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Helminth infections on organic dairy farms in Spain
Orjales, I., Mezo, M., Miranda, M., et al. (2017) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.031 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
La sélection génétique pour la maîtrise des strongyloses gastro-intestinales des petits ruminants
de la Chevrotière, C., Moreno, C. R., JAQUIET, P., et al. (2011) · INRAE Productions Animales · doi:10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.3.3257 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Health Advisors in Organic Meet Sheep Farms: The Role of the Veterinarians
Cabaret, J. (2011) · The Open Veterinary Science Journal · doi:10.2174/1874318801105010007 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Weissensteiner, R., Baldinger, L., Hagmüller, W., et al. (2018) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.06.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Botermans, J. A. M., Olsson, A.-C., Andersson, M., et al. (2015) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2016.1158308 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Commercial Free-Range Egg Production Practices
Newberry, R. C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800879-9.00009-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wallenbeck, A., Eliasson, C., Lundeheim, N., et al. (2019) · Organic Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s13165-019-00260-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effect of space allowance and flooring on the behavior of pregnant ewes1
Vik, S. G., Øyrehagen, O., & Bøe, K. E. (2017) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2016.1341 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bozakova, N., Gerzilov, V. T., Popova-Ralcheva, S., et al. (2011) · Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry · doi:10.2298/bah1104705b · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gareis, M., Oberländer, S., Zippliesl, J., et al. (2016) · Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) · doi:10.2376/0005-9366-16032 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
WELFARE OF PIGS IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEM - ASSUMPTIONS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Szulc, K. (2011) · Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparison of internal parasite invasions in sheep on ecological and conventional farms
Pilarczyk, B., Balicka-Ramisz, A., Ramisz, A., et al. (2008) · Annals of Animal Science · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparison of welfare of cows kept on organic and conventional farms using Animal needs index system
Kottferová, J., Jakuba, T., Mareková, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Central European Agriculture · doi:10.5513/jcea01/15.2.1459 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Health status in organic pig herds in Europe
Sundrum, A., Goebel, A., Bochicchio, D., et al. (2010) · Organic Eprints (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Simoneit, C., Bender, S., & Koopmann, R. (2012) · Landbauforschung = Applied agricultural and forestry research : journal of applied research in agriculture and forestry · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Martelli, G., Valla, H., Bucci, D., et al. (2010) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600001111 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Metabolic profile determination in calves from different management in NW Spain.
Blanco–Penedo, I., López‐Alonso, M., Miranda, M., et al. (2008) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationOrganic sheep production: health problems and their management
Gray, D. (2008) · In Practice · doi:10.1136/inpract.30.2.78 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Surveillance on Salmonella prevalence in Iberian pigs raised in free-range system.
Astorga, R., Gómez-Laguna, J., García, M. H., et al. (2010) · SUIS · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A preliminary study of the effects of organic farming on oocyte quality in ewe lambs
Casao, A., María, G. A., & Abecia, J. A. (2016) · Zygote · doi:10.1017/s0967199416000393 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wnuk-Gnich, A., Łukasiewicz, M., Niemiec, J., et al. (2016) · Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW - Animal Science · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Estimation of beef and dairy cattle welfare on organic farms of Lithuania
Stuogė, I., Ribikauskas, V., Ribikauskienė, D., et al. (2016) · Bulgarian Portal for Open Science · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kongsted H Hermansen JE Sow body condition at weaning and reproduction performance in organic piglet production Acta Agr Scand A-An 2009 59 2 93 103 10.1080/09064700903071768 · DOI
- Verkaik J (2011) in: M.B.M. Bracke (Ed.) et al. Verbeteren welzijnsprestaties in de biologische veehouderij: Korte termijn prioriteiten en aanzet tot lange termijn visie (English title: Improving welfare performance in organic farming: Short term priorities and long term vision). Report 479, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands. ISSN 1570–8616
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Delivering “less but better” meat in practice—a case study of a farm in agroecological transition
Resare Sahlin, K., Carolus, J., von Greyerz, K., Ekqvist, I., & Röös, E. (2022) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-021-00737-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Åkerfeldt, M. P., Gunnarsson, S., Bernes, G., & Blanco-Penedo, I.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Åkerfeldt, Magdalena Presto
- Venue
- Organic Agriculture
- Published
- 2020-11-25
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 105-132
- ISSN
- 1879-4238 (ISSN-L)
- 1879-4246
- PMC
- PMC7685910
- OpenAlex
- W3108829707
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 193
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Organic Agriculture (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) (acceptedVersion)
- Organic Eprints (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Keywords
- animal health, animal welfare, organic livestock farming, organic vs conventional farming, dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, pigs, laying hens, broiler chickens, mastitis, lameness, parasitic infection, piglet mortality, feather pecking, cannibalism, species-specific behavior, welfare standards
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
