Sugar-specific carbon isotope ratio analysis of coconut waters for authentication purposes

Abstract

The application of sugar-specific carbon isotope analysis by combining high performance liquid chromatography and isotope ratio mass spectrometry is described, for investigating the detection of added C4-plant sugars in coconut waters. Authenticity of coconut waters gains more importance since the product is considered a juice by the European Fruit Juice Association (AIJN), while it holds an increasing consumer preference as healthy, low-carb beverage. The detection potential was compared with the conventional total sugar carbon isotope analysis and it is demonstrated that the isotopic profile of individual sugars substantially improves the limit of detection of added C4-plant sugars in coconut water. The study includes 30 authentic coconut waters (extracted from coconuts in the lab), which provide the authentic carbon isotope range of pulp, total sugars, sucrose, glucose and fructose, and 24 commercial coconut waters (bottled) purchased from grocery stores. The market scan revealed that 38% of the tested samples contain undeclared added C4-sugars.