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Focused Ultrasound for Neuromodulation
Open accessAbstract
For more than 70 years, the promise of noninvasive neuromodulation using focused ultrasound has been growing while diagnostic ultrasound established itself as a foundation of clinical imaging. Significant technical challenges have been overcome to allow transcranial focused ultrasound to deliver spatially restricted energy into the nervous system at a wide range of intensities. High-intensity focused ultrasound produces reliable permanent lesions within the brain, and low-intensity focused ultrasound has been reported to both excite and inhibit neural activity reversibly. Despite intense interest in this promising new platform for noninvasive, highly focused neuromodulation, the underlying mechanism remains elusive, though recent studies provide further insight. Despite the barriers, the potential of focused ultrasound to deliver a range of permanent and reversible neuromodulation with seamless translation from bench to the bedside warrants unparalleled attention and scientific investment. Focused ultrasound boasts a number of key features such as multimodal compatibility, submillimeter steerable focusing, multifocal, high temporal resolution, coregistration, and the ability to monitor delivered therapy and temperatures in real time. Despite the technical complexity, the future of noninvasive focused ultrasound for neuromodulation as a neuroscience and clinical platform remains bright.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Darrow, D. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Darrow, David P
- ORCID
- Darrow, David P
- Venue
- Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-99
- ISSN
- 1878-7479 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6361056
- OpenAlex
- W2902574161
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Keywords
- focused ultrasound, neuromodulation, transcranial ultrasound, non-invasive brain stimulation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, low-intensity focused ultrasound, multimodal imaging, real-time temperature monitoring, mechanism of action
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Ultrasonic Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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