The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anti-herpetic Medications and Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients with Herpes Simplex Virus Infections—a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Open accessAbstract
This retrospective cohort study is to investigate the association between herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and dementia, and the effects of anti-herpetic medications on the risk involved, using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We enrolled a total of 33,448 subjects, and identified 8362 with newly diagnosed HSV infections and 25,086 randomly selected sex- and age-matched controls without HSV infections in a ratio of 1:3, selected from January 1, to December 31, 2000. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the risk of developing dementia in the HSV cohort. This analysis revealed an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.564 (95% CI: 2.351-2.795, P < 0.001) for the development of dementia in the HSV-infected cohort relative to the non-HSV cohort. Thus, patients with HSV infections may have a 2.56-fold increased risk of developing dementia. A risk reduction of dementia development in patients affected by HSV infections was found upon treatment with anti-herpetic medications (adjusted HR = 0.092 [95% CI 0.079-0.108], P < 0.001). The usage of anti-herpetic medications in the treatment of HSV infections was associated with a decreased risk of dementia. These findings could be a signal to clinicians caring for patients with HSV infections. Further research is, therefore, necessary to explore the underlying mechanism(s) of these associations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“HSV-2 seropositivity has also been associated with decreased memory performance, but appeared to be unrelated to global cognition and other cognitive domains, or the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, vascular dementia and other dementias [27,28].”
From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This risk was nearly eliminated in patients that received antiherpetic treatment (Tzeng et al., 2018).”
From Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies (2019) · cites this paper as Tzeng et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“One study demonstrated a significantly increased risk of developing all-cause dementia (~3-fold increase) in patients greater than 50 years of age following a new HSV infection.”
From Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies (2019) · cites this paper as Tzeng et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The advent of acyclovir, in the late 1980s, considerably modified the prognosis of HSV-1 encephalitis [54–56].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Previous research has found that the development of anti-herpes medications had a positive impact, reducing the incidence of AD [56].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Daulatzai, M. A. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 60
RetractedCharlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742
Validation of a combined comorbidity index
Charlson, M., Szatrowski, T. P., Peterson, J., & Gold, J. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5 · Cited by 6,587
How to measure comorbiditya critical review of available methods
DEGROOT, V, BECKERMAN, H., LANKHORST, G., & BOUTER, L. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00585-1 · Cited by 1,757
Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease
Reitz, C., Brayne, C., & Mayeux, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.2 · Cited by 1,675
Epidemiology of Alzheimer DiseasePreprint
Mayeux, R. P., & Stern, Y. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006239 · Cited by 1,127
The Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Amyloid β-Protein Is an Antimicrobial Peptide
Soscia, S. J., Kirby, J. E., Washicosky, K. J., Tucker, S. M., Ingelsson, M., Hyman, B., Burton, M. A., Goldstein, L. E., Duong, S., Tanzi, R. E., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009505 · Cited by 1,060
Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Itzhaki, R. F., Lin, W., Shang, D., Wilcock, G. K., Faragher, B. E., & Jamieson, G. A. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)10149-5 · Cited by 671
Gupta, R., Warren, T. J., & Wald, A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61908-4 · Cited by 595
Microbes and Alzheimer’s Disease
Itzhaki, R. F., Lathe, R., Balin, B. J., Ball, M. J., Bearer, E. L., Braak, H., Bullido, M. J., Carter, C., Clerici, M., Cosby, S. L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160152 · Cited by 532
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Tzeng, 2017, The Impact of Pharmacological Treatments on Cognitive Function and Severity of Behavioral Symptoms in Geriatric Elder Patients with Dementia: Pharmacological Treatments on in Elder Patients with Dementia, Taiwanese J Psychiatry., 311, 69
- Daulatzai, 2016, Fundamental Role of Pan-Inflammation and Oxidative-Nitrosative Pathways in Neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, Am J Neurodegener Dis., 51, 1
- Kamboh, 1995, Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease, Hum Biol., 672, 195
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies
Long, J. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.001 · Cited by 3,204
Eimer, W. A., Vijaya Kumar, D. K., Navalpur Shanmugam, N. K., Rodriguez, A. S., Mitchell, T., Washicosky, K. J., György, B., Breakefield, X. O., Tanzi, R. E., & Moir, R. D. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.030 · Cited by 674
The antimicrobial protection hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Moir, R. D., Lathe, R., & Tanzi, R. E. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3040 · Cited by 456
Alzheimer’s disease: insights into pathology, molecular mechanisms, and therapy
Zheng, Q., & Wang, X. (2024) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1093/procel/pwae026 · Cited by 483
The amyloid hypothesis on trial
Makin, S. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05719-4 · Cited by 360
Metadata
- Authors
- Tzeng, N.-S., Chung, C.-H., Lin, F.-H., Chiang, C.-P., Yeh, C.-B., Huang, S.-Y., Lu, R.-B., Chang, H.-A., Kao, Y.-C., Yeh, H.-W., Chiang, W.-S., Chou, Y.-C., Tsao, C.-H., Wu, Y.-F., & Chien, W.-C.
- Affiliations
- Tri-Service General Hospital (TW)
- National Defense Medical Center (TW)
- Tamkang University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chien, Wu-Chien
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 417-429
- ISSN
- 1878-7479 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5935641
- OpenAlex
- W2790037954
- Cited by
- 356
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21
- FWCI
- 30.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tri-Service General Hospital Research Foundation (TSGH-C105-130, TSGH-C106-002, TSGH-C107-004)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- herpes simplex, dementia risk, antiviral therapy, neurodegeneration, Taiwan
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antiviral Agents, Dementia, Female, Herpes Simplex, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Taiwan, Proportional Hazards Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
