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Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their antibacterial activity and photocatalytic degradation

El-Khawaga, Ahmed M., Elsayed, Mohamed A., Gobara, Mohamed, Suliman, Ahmad A., Hashem, Amr H., Zaher, Ahmed A., Mohsen, Mostafa, Salem, Salem S·2025·Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
DOI 10.1007/s13399-023-04827-0
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Abstract

Many research papers are currently being written about various methodologies for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis method using baker’s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The characterization of the produced ZnO nanoparticles involved the utilization of XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The investigation involved the assessment of the antimicrobial potential and photocatalytic degradation efficacy of the synthesized materials through the utilization of Eriochrome Black T (EBT). The results indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology, exhibiting diameters ranging from 13.0 to 20.0nm, with an average particle size of 15.0nm. The antimicrobial efficacy against (S. aureus) gram-positive and (E. coli) gram-negative bacteria was tested through the conduction of zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. This research focused on the study of the photocatalytic-degradation of EBT in the presence of ultraviolet light. The experiments focused on the impact of various factors, such as pH levels, initial EBT concentration, and nanocatalyst dosage, on the observed photocatalytic efficiency. In the in vitro ZOI and MIC results assay, it was observed that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited greater efficacy against gram-positive S. aureus, with a ZOI measuring 23.1 mm and a MIC of 0.625 μg/ml. In contrast, the effectiveness of ZnO-NPs against gram-negative E. coli was comparatively lower, as indicated by a ZOI of 17.0 mm and a MIC of 1.250μg/ml. The greatest EBT elimination, which achieved 83.0% in equilibrium, was found employing 20.0mg of ZnO NPs at pH 3.0, according to the photocatalytic activity results. The synthetic ZnO NPs are powerful antibacterial agents that are effective against tested bacteria and may be used in the treatment of wastewater.

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Image 1
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 2 a UV-vis spectrum of ZnO NPs, b Tauc plot represents the energy band gap of ZnO NPs
Fig. 2 a UV-vis spectrum of ZnO NPs, b Tauc plot represents the energy band gap of ZnO NPsCC-BY · From the PDF
Image 3
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Image 4
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Fig. 4 Surface and morphological characteristics of ZnO NPs using SEM technique
Fig. 4 Surface and morphological characteristics of ZnO NPs using SEM techniqueCC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 6 HRTEM image of bio­ ZnONP and corresponding SAED pattern
Fig. 6 HRTEM image of bio­ ZnONP and corresponding SAED patternCC-BY · From the PDF
Image 7
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Image 8
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Fig. 7 Illustrates a schematic representation of the potential pathways that contribute to the antibacterial activity of bio­ ZnO nanoparticles. (I) The adherence of ZnO nanoparticles to the surface of microbial cells leads to membrane damage and changes in transport activity. (II) ZnO nanoparticles have the ability to infiltrate microbial cells and engage with various cellular ­ organelles and biomolecules, including plasmid DNA, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, and mesosomes. This
Fig. 7 Illustrates a schematic representation of the potential pathways that contribute to the antibacterial activity of bio­ ZnO nanoparticles. (I) The adherence of ZnO nanoparticles to the surface of microbial cells leads to membrane damage and changes in transport activity. (II) ZnO nanoparticles have the ability to infiltrate microbial cells and engage with various cellular ­ organelles and biomolecules, including plasmid DNA, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, and mesosomes. ThisCC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 9 a The relationship between the percentage of EBT removal and time at various solution pH levels (3, 5, 7, and 9), using a concentration of 10 mg g of ZnO nanoparticles in a 50-ml solution containing 10 mg/l of EBT at a temperature of 25°C, and b the point of zero charges (PZC) of ZnO at different pH values
Fig. 9 a The relationship between the percentage of EBT removal and time at various solution pH levels (3, 5, 7, and 9), using a concentration of 10 mg g of ZnO nanoparticles in a 50-ml solution containing 10 mg/l of EBT at a temperature of 25°C, and b the point of zero charges (PZC) of ZnO at different pH valuesCC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 10 a The relation between EBT removal % and contact time for varied initial EBT conc. (10, 20, and 30mg/l) at pH 3.0 and 10.0 mg ZnO NPs. b Photocatalyst dosage (ranging from 5 to 20 mg) affects EBT removal efficiency. This was tested with a 50 ml EBT solution at 25°C, 10 mg/l, and pH 3
Fig. 10 a The relation between EBT removal % and contact time for varied initial EBT conc. (10, 20, and 30mg/l) at pH 3.0 and 10.0 mg ZnO NPs. b Photocatalyst dosage (ranging from 5 to 20 mg) affects EBT removal efficiency. This was tested with a 50 ml EBT solution at 25°C, 10 mg/l, and pH 3CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 12
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Metadata

Authors
El-Khawaga, A. M., Elsayed, M. A., Gobara, M., Suliman, A. A., Hashem, A. H., Zaher, A. A., Mohsen, M., & Salem, S. S.
Venue
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-09-15
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
2673-2684
ISSN
  • 2190-6815
  • 2190-6823
DOI
10.1007/s13399-023-04827-0
Cited by
148
References
0
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2023-11-29)
Licence
Funders
Al-Azhar University

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their antibacterial activity and photocatalytic degradation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s13399-023-04827-0
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El-Khawaga, A. M., Elsayed, M. A., Gobara, M., Suliman, A. A., Hashem, A. H., Zaher, A. A., Mohsen, M., & Salem, S. S. (2025). Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their antibacterial activity and photocatalytic degradation. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04827-0