Effect of mobile learning (application) on self-care behaviors and blood glucose of type 2 diabetic patients
Open accessAbstract
Purpose More than 70% of the health expenditure is related to chronic diseases. Therefore, an efficient managerial program can markedly reduce medical and administrative costs and benefit both patients and service providers. The use of mobile technologies can be very helpful in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the effect of mobile learning (application) on self-care behaviors and blood glucose control of type 2 diabetic patients attending the Diabetes Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex.Methods This interventional, quasi-experimental study was conducted on 51 diabetic patients. The patients were randomly assigned to case and control groups, and a specifically designed application was used in the case group for three months. Self-care behavior, FBS, and HbA 1 C were assessed in both groups before and three months after the intervention, and the results were analyzed after the intervention. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure and medical records was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statics (paired t test, ANCOVA analysis) were used for data analysis.Results The Mean ± SD of the self-care posttest score, FBS, and HbA 1 C was 76.95 ± 7.94 vs. 43.4 ± 9.74 (P = 0.001), 143.58 ± 23.39 vs. 171.81 ± 36.98 (P = 0.001), and 6.84 ± 0.63 vs. 8.10 ± 0.10 (P = 0,001), in the case and control group respectively, indicating a difference in all cases.Conclusions The results indicated the positive effect of the mobile application on self-care behavior, FBS, and HbA 1 C.
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Of the 27 papers, 12 focused on T2DM, with 743 patients in the intervention groups and 645 in the control groups.
“12 were focused on T2DM (743 patients in the intervention groups and 645 patients in the control groups) [50-61]”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
In T2DM, eleven studies reported a decrease of HbA1c within the app intervention groups, yielding a mean difference of -0.42%.
“Eleven of the studies reported a decrease of HbA1c within the app intervention groups, yielding a mean difference of –0.42% [50-52,54-61], but only 1 study reported a significant change of –1.1% (P<.001) [56].”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
Fasting blood glucose was included in 2 T2DM studies (51 intervention, 54 control).
“Fasting blood glucose was included in 2 studies (51 patients in the intervention groups and 54 patients in the control groups) [54,57].”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
Of 11 T2DM studies that included control groups, 7 reported significant differences (mean difference: -0.78%, -1.51 to -0.35) in favor of the app intervention groups.
“Of 11 studies that included control groups in their study design, 7 studies reported significant differences (mean difference: –0.78%, –1.51 to –0.35) in favor of the app intervention groups [51,53-58]”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
Two T2DM studies (229 intervention, 224 control) used the SDSCA questionnaire to evaluate self-care.
“Two studies (229 patients in the intervention groups and 224 patients in the control groups) used the SDSCA questionnaire to evaluate self-care [52,54].”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
Both T2DM studies found a significant difference between groups favoring the intervention groups for fasting blood glucose.
“Both studies found a significant difference between groups favoring the intervention groups (–28.23 mg/dL, P<.001 [54]; –9.6 mg/dL, P=.019 [57]).”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
The scales for diet and exercise were included in 2 T2DM studies, but only one showed significant differences between groups for both outcomes (P<.001).
“The scales for diet and exercise were also included in 2 studies [52,54], but only one of the studies showed significant differences between the groups for both outcomes (P<.001) [54].”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
No significant differences were reported for the scales for blood sugar testing (P=.509) or smoking (P=.729) in T2DM studies.
“No significant differences were reported for the scales for blood sugar testing (P=.509) [52] or smoking (P=.729) [54], which were each included in one study.”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
Only 1 T2DM study reported a significant difference between groups for self-care (P<.001).
“Only 1 study reported a significant difference between the groups (P<.001) [54].”
From Effectiveness of Disease-Specific mHealth Apps in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
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References 35 · Cited by 28
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- Authors
- Hooshmandja, M., Mohammadi, A., Esteghamti, A., Aliabadi, K., & Nili, M.
- Affiliations
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Allameh Tabataba'i University (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Mohammadi, Aeen
- ORCID
- Mohammadi, Aeen
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
- Published
- 2019-07-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 307-313
- ISSN
- 2251-6581 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6915564
- OpenAlex
- W2961367820
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (56200000 Rial)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile Learning in Education
- Keywords
- mobile learning, mobile health apps, diabetes self-care, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, diabetes self-management education
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