Obesity and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background Obesity and anxiety are the two most common health problems and increased body mass index can be lead to anxiety. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the frequency of anxiety symptoms in people who are obese/overweight. Methods For this purpose the authors systematically searched keywords in the databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google scholar through August 2018. After a comprehensive review, 25 studies were included into the meta-analysis. Results Results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of anxiety in obesity had a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.30 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.20-1.41 and in overweight had an OR of 1.10 and CI of 1.00-1.21. Comparison between obesity/overweight and normal weight showed high frequency of anxiety in obesity/overweight with respect to subgroups (sex, obesity and anxiety assessment, adjusted/unadjusted, anxiety duration and age). Evaluation of 25 studies included in the meta-analysis showed publication bias. Conclusion Overall, findings indicate anxiety occurs more frequently in obese/overweight people compared with normal weight people.
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Associations between obesity and anxiety are unclear, as positive, negative, and null relationships are reported.
“Associations between obesity and anxiety are unclear, as positive, negative, and null relationships are reported.137–139”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [139]
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- Authors
- Amiri, S., & Behnezhad, S.
- Affiliations
- Urmia University (IR)
- Kharazmi University (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Amiri, Sohrab
- Venue
- neuropsychiatrie
- Published
- 2019-02-18
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 72-89
- ISSN
- 0948-6259 (ISSN-L)
- 2194-1327
- OpenAlex
- W2915811569
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychiatrie (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- None (None)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity, anxiety symptoms, overweight, body mass index, anxiety prevalence, sex differences, anxiety assessment, publication bias
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Humans, Obesity, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Odds Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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