Lisdexamfetamine: A Review in ADHD in Adults
Abstract
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (lisdexamfetamine) is a long-acting amfetamine prodrug with a convenient once-daily oral regimen that offers the potential for improved adherence and reduced abuse compared with short-acting preparations of amfetamines. Lisdexamfetamine (as Elvanse Adult(®); Tyvense Adult™) has been approved for use in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under the EU decentralization procedure, with the first approvals in the UK, Sweden and Denmark. This approval reflects the results of three short-term trials in adults with ADHD in which fixed- or flexible-dose lisdexamfetamine produced significantly greater improvements than placebo in ADHD symptoms, overall functioning, executive functioning (including in patients with significant pre-existing impairment) and quality of life. Of note, a post hoc analysis of one of these studies suggested that the response to lisdexamfetamine was generally similar in treatment-naïve patients and those who had already received-and not responded satisfactorily to-previous ADHD therapies, including methylphenidate (MPH). Two further studies demonstrated the longer-term effectiveness of flexible-dose lisdexamfetamine in reducing ADHD symptoms, albeit maintenance of efficacy required ongoing treatment with the drug. Lisdexamfetamine was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with an adverse event profile typical of that reported for other long-acting stimulants. Head-to-head comparisons with other long-ac…
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Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug approved for ADHD and binge eating disorder treatment.
“Lisdexamfetamine, the first prodrug approved for ADHD (16, 17) and binge eating disorder (18) treatment, is synthesized by covalently linking d-amphetamine to the amino acid l-lysine (19).”
LDX is approved for ADHD use in children, adolescents, and adults in the United States, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, and in children in Brazil.
“Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is approved for ADHD use in children, adolescents, and adults in the United States (Vyvanse), Canada (Vyvanse), Denmark (Elvanse), Finland (Elvanse) Germany (Elvanse), Ireland (Tyvense), Norway (Elvanse), Spain (Elvanse), Sweden (Elvanse), and United Kingdom (Elvanse) and in children in Brazil (Venvanse).”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
LDX is indicated and recommended by guidelines in children at least 6 years of age when MPH treatment is not optimal, and as first-line treatment in adults and for binge eating disorder in the USA.
“LDX is the first stimulant prodrug indicated and recommended by guidelines in children at least 6 years of age when the MPH treatment is not optimal [132, 150], and also as first-line treatment in adults [133, 151] and for binge eating disorder [40] in the USA.”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [151]
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Quintero, J., Gutiérrez-Casares, J. R., & Álamo, C. (2022) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-022-00392-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“LDX is the first stimulant prodrug indicated and recommended by guidelines in children at least 6 years of age when the MPH treatment is not optimal [132, 150], and also as first-line treatment in adults [133, 151] and for binge eating disorder [40] in the USA.”
BackgroundReview of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Najib, J., Wimer, D., Zeng, J., Lam, K. W., Romanyak, N., Paige Morgan, E., & Thadavila, A. (2017) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573517728090 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jian-min, C., Zhi-yuan, W., Shi-xuan, W., Rui, S., Ning, W., & Jin, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.885574 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Lisdexamfetamine, the first prodrug approved for ADHD (16, 17) and binge eating disorder (18) treatment, is synthesized by covalently linking d-amphetamine to the amino acid l-lysine (19).”
Method
- Authors
- Frampton, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Springer Nature (New Zealand) (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Frampton, James E.
- ORCID
- Frampton, James E.
- Venue
- CNS Drugs
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-354
- ISSN
- 1172-7047 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-1934
- OpenAlex
- W2319819542
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- CNS Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Keywords
- lisdexamfetamine, adult ADHD, long-acting stimulants, medication adherence, executive function, quality of life, treatment-naive patients, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, drug tolerability, long-term efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans
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