Amyloid-lowering monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of early Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Numerous biomarker studies have clearly demonstrated that AD has a long asymptomatic phase, with the development of pathology occurring at least 2 decades prior to the development of any symptoms. These pathological changes include a stepwise development of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, followed by tau neurofibrillary tangles and subsequently extensive neurodegeneration in the brain. In this review, we discuss the first class of drugs intended to be disease modifying to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AD-anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies-and the scientific rationale with which they were developed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies lower the amyloid burden in the brain and appear to slow cognitive decline in the populations tested.
“These drugs lower the amyloid burden in the brain and appear to slow cognitive decline in the populations tested.”
From 13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved two new anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of early Alzheimer disease.
“Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two new anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of early Alzheimer disease (21).”
From 13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease
Jack, C. R., Bennett, D. A., Blennow, K., Carrillo, M. C., Dunn, B., Haeberlein, S. B., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W., Jessen, F., Karlawish, J., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018 · Cited by 10,537 · see citing works
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212 · see citing works
Donanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Mintun, M. A., Lo, A. C., Duggan Evans, C., Wessels, A. M., Ardayfio, P. A., Andersen, S. W., Shcherbinin, S., Sparks, J., Sims, J. R., Brys, M., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2100708 · Cited by 1,728 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Based on the late-stage results, the amyloid-lowering monoclonal antibodies used in the early AD stage of the AD continuum slow cognitive decline by approximately 25–30% over 18 months [20, 22, 25].”
BackgroundTau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease
Congdon, E. E., & Sigurdsson, E. M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-018-0013-z · Cited by 1,113 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Presence of NFTs is more proximally related to cognitive decline in AD, which is also accompanied by a number of pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance [18].”
BackgroundLecanemab: Appropriate Use Recommendations
Cummings, J., Apostolova, L., Rabinovici, G. D., Atri, A., Aisen, P., Greenberg, S., Hendrix, S., Selkoe, D., Weiner, M., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2023.30 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Swanson, C. J., Zhang, Y., Dhadda, S., Wang, J., Kaplow, J., Lai, R. Y. K., Lannfelt, L., Bradley, H., Rabe, M., Koyama, A., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00813-8 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Amyloid cascade hypothesis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease
Barage, S. H., & Sonawane, K. D. (2015) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.008 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Ferreira, S. T., Lourenco, M. V., Oliveira, M. M., & De Felice, F. G. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00191 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Alzheimer's disease associated with Down syndrome: a genetic form of dementia
Fortea, J., Zaman, S. H., Hartley, S., Rafii, M. S., Head, E., & Carmona-Iragui, M. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00245-3 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanism of amyloid plaque formation suggests an intracellular basis of Aβ pathogenicity
Friedrich, R. P., Tepper, K., Rönicke, R., Soom, M., Westermann, M., Reymann, K., Kaether, C., & Fändrich, M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904532106 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- [2]2021 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures—Wiley Online Library. 10.1002/alz.12328. Published March 23, 2021. · DOI
- [5]Aisen PS Cummings J Jack CR Jr On the path to 2025: understanding the Alzheimer's disease continuum Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017 9 1 60 10.1186/s13195-017-0283-5 28793924 PMC5549378 · DOI · Paper page
- [6]Jack CR Jr Knopman DS Jagust WJ Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers Lancet Neurol 2013 12 2 207 216 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70291-0 23332364 PMC3622225 · DOI · Paper page
- [8]Jack CR Jr Wiste HJ Therneau TM Associations of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration biomarker profiles with rates of memory decline among individuals without dementia JAMA 2019 321 23 2316 2325 10.1001/jama.2019.7437 31211344 PMC6582267 · DOI · Paper page
- [10]Chen GF Xu TH Yan Y Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017 38 9 1205 1235 10.1038/aps.2017.28 28713158 PMC5589967 · DOI · Paper page
- [11]Takahashi RH Nagao T Gouras GK Plaque formation and the intraneuronal accumulation of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease Pathol Int 2017 67 4 185 193 10.1111/pin.12520 28261941 · DOI
- [13]Sengupta U Nilson AN Kayed R The role of amyloid-β oligomers in toxicity, propagation, and immunotherapy EBioMedicine 2016 6 42 49 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.035 27211547 PMC4856795 · DOI · Paper page
- [14]Blacker D Tanzi RE The genetics of Alzheimer disease: current status and future prospects Arch Neurol 1998 55 3 294 296 10.1001/archneur.55.3.294 9520001 · DOI
- [17]Okamura N Harada R Ishiki A The development and validation of tau PET tracers: current status and future directions Clin Transl Imaging. 2018 6 4 305 316 10.1007/s40336-018-0290-y 30148121 PMC6096533 · DOI
- [20]Budd Haeberlein S Aisen PS Barkhof F Two randomized phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022 9 2 197 210 35542991
- [22]van Dyck CH Swanson CJ Aisen P Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease N Engl J Med 2023 388 1 9 21 10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 36449413 · DOI · Paper page
- [23]Rafii MS Sperling RA Donohue MC The AHEAD 3–45 Study: Design of a prevention trial for Alzheimer's disease [published online ahead of print, 2022 Aug 15] Alzheimers Dement 2022 10.1002/alz.12748 35971310 PMC9929028 · DOI · Paper page
- [24]Lowe SL Duggan Evans C Shcherbinin S Donanemab (LY3002813) phase 1b study In Alzheimer's disease: rapid and sustained reduction of brain amyloid measured by florbetapir F18 imaging J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2021 8 4 414 424 34585215
- [26]Barakos J Purcell D Suhy J Detection and management of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with anti-amyloid beta therapy J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022 9 2 211 220 35542992
- [27]Sperling RA Jack CR Jr Black SE Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in amyloid-modifying therapeutic trials: recommendations from the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable Workgroup Alzheimers Dement 2011 7 4 367 385 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2351 21784348 PMC3693547 · DOI · Paper page
- [28]Goos JD Henneman WJ Sluimer JD Incidence of cerebral microbleeds: a longitudinal study in a memory clinic population Neurology 2010 74 24 1954 1960 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e396ea 20548041 · DOI
- [29]Tian Hui Kwan A Arfaie S Therriault J Lessons learnt from the second generation of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies clinical trials Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020 49 4 334 348 10.1159/000511506 33321511 · DOI
- [31]Cummings J Rabinovici GD Atri A Aducanumab: appropriate use recommendations update J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022 9 2 221 230 35542993 PMC9169517
Cited by
Sorted by citations
13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s013 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
- Authors
- Leisher, S., Bohorquez, A., Gay, M., Garcia, V., Jones, R., Baldaranov, D., & Rafii, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rafii, Michael S.
- Venue
- CNS Drugs
- Published
- 2023-07-20
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 671-677
- ISSN
- 1172-7047 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-1934
- PMC
- PMC10439019
- OpenAlex
- W4384818993
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- CNS Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (1U24AG057437)
- University of Southern California
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, early Alzheimer's disease, disease-modifying therapy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration, FDA-approved drugs
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neurofibrillary Tangles, tau Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review