The Role of Amyloid-β Oligomers in Toxicity, Propagation, and Immunotherapy
Open accessAbstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing every day and finding an effective treatment is becoming more vital. Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been the focus of research for several decades. The recent shift in the Aβ cascade hypothesis from all Aβ to small soluble oligomeric intermediates is directing the search for therapeutics towards the toxic mediators of the disease. Targeting the most toxic oligomers may prove to be an effective treatment by preventing their spread. Specific targeting of oligomers has been shown to protect cognition in rodent models. Additionally, the heterogeneity of research on Aβ oligomers may seem contradictory until size and conformation are taken into account. In this review, we will discuss Aβ oligomers and their toxicity in relation to size and conformation as well as their influence on inflammation and the potential of Aβ oligomer immunotherapy.
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Aβ oligomers rather than Aβ fibrils are neurotoxic.
“Although Aβ monomers at physiological concentrations are generally considered to be nontoxic, multiple lines of evidence suggest that Aβ oligomers rather than Aβ fibrils are neurotoxic [54].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [54]
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“During the past decade, research efforts have focused on soluble Aβ oligomers (AβO), which appear to be a more toxic and disease-relevant form of Aβ [8,9].”
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- Authors
- Sengupta, U., Nilson, A. N., & Kayed, R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kayed, Rakez
- Venue
- EBioMedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 42-49
- ISSN
- 2352-3964 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4856795
- OpenAlex
- W2313725855
- Cited by
- 740
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- EBioMedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- John Sealy Memorial Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta oligomers, Alzheimer's disease, oligomer toxicity, neuroinflammation, immunotherapy, cognitive protection
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Immunotherapy, Peptide Fragments, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Protein Multimerization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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