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Cited by 924Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologySport Psychology and Performance

The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

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Van Cutsem, Jeroen, Marcora, Samuele, De Pauw, Kevin, Bailey, Stephen, Meeusen, Romain, Roelands, Bart·2017·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s40279-016-0672-0
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Abstract

Background Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. It has recently been suggested that mental fatigue can affect physical performance. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the literature on impairment of physical performance due to mental fatigue and to create an overview of the potential factors underlying this effect. Methods Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science (until 28 April 2016), were searched for studies designed to test whether mental fatigue influenced performance of a physical task or influenced physiological and/or perceptual responses during the physical task. Studies using short (<30 min) self-regulatory depletion tasks were excluded from the review. Results A total of 11 articles were included, of which six were of strong and five of moderate quality. The general finding was a decline in endurance performance (decreased time to exhaustion and self-selected power output/velocity or increased completion time) associated with a higher than normal perceived exertion. Physiological variables traditionally associated with endurance performance (heart rate, blood lactate, oxygen uptake, cardiac output, maximal aerobic capacity) were unaffected by mental fatigue. Maximal strength, power, and anaerobic work were not affected by mental fatigue. Conclusion The duration and intensity of the physical task appear to be important factors in the decrease in physical performance due to mental fatigue. The most important factor responsible for the negative impact of mental fatigue on endurance performance is a higher perceived exertion.

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  110. Englert C. The strength model of self-control in sport and exercise psychology. Front Psychol. 2016;7:314.
  111. Brick N, MacIntyre T, Campbell M. Metacognitive processes in the self-regulation of performance in elite endurance runners. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2015;19:1-9.
  112. Brick NE, Campbell MJ, Metcalfe RS, et al. Altering pace control and pace regulation: attentional focus effects during running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(5):879-86.
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  114. Inzlicht M, Schmeichel BJ, Macrae CN. Why self-control seems (but may not be) limited. Trends Cogn Sci. 2014;18(3):127-33.
  115. Barth JL, Holding DH, Stamford BA. Risk versus effort in the assessment of motor fatigue. J Mot Behav. 1976;8(3):189-94.
  116. Marcora S. Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart, and lungs. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;106(6):2060-2.
  117. Proske U. What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception? Muscle Nerve. 2005;31(6):780- 7.
  118. Zenon A, Sidibe M, Olivier E. Disrupting the supplementary motor area makes physical effort appear less effortful. J Neurosci. 2015;35(23):8737-44.
  119. Jurgens U. The efferent and afferent connections of the supplementary motor area. Brain Res. 1984;300(1):63-81.
  120. Nybo L. Commentaries on viewpoint: perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart,and lungs. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;106(6):2064; author reply 7.
  121. Scott KE, Rozenek R, Russo AC, et al. Effects of delayed onset muscle soreness on selected physiological responses to submaximal running. J Strength Cond Res. 2003;17(4):652-8.
  122. Amann M, Blain GM, Proctor LT, et al. Group III and IV muscle afferents contribute to ventilatory and cardiovascular response to rhythmic exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010;109(4):966- 76.
  123. de Morree HM, Klein C, Marcora SM. Cortical substrates of the effects of caffeine and time-on- task on perception of effort. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014;117(12):1514-23.
  124. Pageaux B, Gaveau J. Studies using pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents provide new insights into the neurophysiology of perceived exertion. J Physiol. 2016;594(18):5049-51.
  125. Sharples SA, Gould JA, Vandenberk MS, et al. Cortical mechanisms of central fatigue and sense of effort. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0149026.
  126. Roelands B, Goekint M, Heyman E, et al. Acute norepinephrine reuptake inhibition decreases performance in normal and high ambient temperature. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008;105(1):206-12.
  127. Roelands B, Hasegawa H, Watson P, et al. The effects of acute dopamine reuptake inhibition on performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(5):879-85.
  128. Klass M, Duchateau J, Rabec S, et al. Noradrenaline reuptake inhibition impairs cortical output and limits endurance time. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(6):1014-23.
  129. Lovatt D, Xu Q, Liu W, et al. Neuronal adenosine release, and not astrocytic ATP release, mediates feedback inhibition of excitatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(16):6265-70.
  130. Davis JM, Zhao Z, Stock HS, et al. Central nervous system effects of caffeine and adenosine on fatigue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(2):R399-404.
  131. Moeller SJ, Tomasi D, Honorio J, et al. Dopaminergic involvement during mental fatigue in health and cocaine addiction. Transl Psychiatry. 2012;2:e176.
  132. Caldwell JA, Caldwell JL. An in-flight investigation of the efficacy of dextroamphetamine for sustaining helicopter pilot performance. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997;68(12):1073-80.
  133. Martin K, Staiano W, Menaspà P, et al. Superior inhibitory control and resistance to mental fatigue in professional road cyclists. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159907.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Van Cutsem, J., Marcora, S., De Pauw, K., Bailey, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B.
Affiliations
  • Elon University (US)
  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
Corresponding author
Roelands, Bart
ORCID
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-01-02
Volume
47
Issue
8
Pages
1569-1588
ISSN
  • 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
  • 1179-2035
DOI
10.1007/s40279-016-0672-0
OpenAlex
W2563742216
Cited by
924
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 122 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 1
FWCI
10.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
  • ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
  • VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Keywords
mental fatigue, physical performance, endurance performance, perceived exertion, time to exhaustion, maximal strength, output power, physiological responses
MeSH terms
Cognition, Physical Exertion, Mental Fatigue, Humans, Perception, Physical Endurance, Exercise, Exercise Tolerance, Athletic Performance

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