Lower Mortality Rates from Cryptococcosis in Women and Whites with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States.
Open accessAbstract
Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic mycotic infection often found in pigeon droppings and other bird excrement. This serious disease is often fatal and, not unexpectedly, far more common in patients with immune deficiency, including those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has been hypothesized that women with cryptococcosis and HIV have a more favorable mortality experience than men. In addition, the availability of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV in the United States (US) has been associated with greater racial disparities in mortality. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database afforded a unique opportunity to explore mortality rates due to cryptococcosis by gender and race in the US among patients with HIV from 1999 to 2016. Mortality rate ratios from cryptococcosis were significantly lower in women and whites with HIV. These descriptive data lead to the formulation of hypotheses requiring testing in analytic studies designed a priori to do so and pose clinical and public health challenges in reducing mortality from cryptococcosis in patients with HIV.
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Non-Hispanic white individuals with HIV had significantly lower mortality rates from cryptococcosis than black or African American individuals; mortality rate in black or African American men was 0.19 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.21) and in black or African American women 0.06 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.06), while white men and women was <0.001.
“Non-Hispanic white individuals had significantly lower mortality rates than black or African American individuals, with a mortality rate in black or African American men of 0.19 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.21) and 0.06 in black or African American women (95% CI 0.05 to 0.06). The mortality rate in white men and women was <0.001 [128].”
From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [128]
Black and African American individuals appear to be at high risk for superficial and invasive Candida infections and cryptococcosis.
“Although black and African American individuals appear to be at high risk for superficial and invasive Candida infections and cryptococcosis, the reasons for this are unclear”
From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [128]
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Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections?
Jenks, J. D., Aneke, C. I., Al-Obaidi, M. M., Egger, M., Garcia, L., Gaines, T., Hoenigl, M., & Thompson, G. R. (2023) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011025 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jaen, G., Drowos, J., Hennekens, C. H., & Levine, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Florida Atlantic University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Drowos, Joanna
- Venue
- Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
- Published
- 2019-10-29
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 117-120
- ISSN
- 2196-8837 (ISSN-L)
- 2197-3792
- OpenAlex
- W2982621745
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- cryptococcosis, HIV, mortality, sex differences, racial disparities, women, white race, highly active antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic fungal infection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Black or African American, Cryptococcosis, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, United States, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, White People, Health Status Disparities
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