A Model of Support for Families of Children With Autism Living in the COVID-19 Lockdown: Lessons From Italy
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Italy has been the European country most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to date and has been in social lockdown for the longest period of time compared to other countries outside China. Almost overnight, Italian behavior analysts were faced with the challenge of setting up remotely whole-family systems aimed at maintaining adaptive skills and low levels of challenging behavior to be carried out solely by caregivers. Given these extraordinary circumstances, the protocols available from the applied behavior-analytic, parent training, and autism literature did not appear to fully meet the needs of parents having to be with their children under extreme levels of stress in a confined space with limited reinforcers for 24 hr a day, 7 days a week. To meet this unprecedented challenge, we developed a dynamic and holistic protocol that extended to the full day and that recognized the need for sustainable intervention delivered solely by parents, who were often looking after more than one child. These practices are presented in this article, together with a discussion of lessons we have learned thus far, which may be useful for behavior analysts working in other regions in which the effects of the pandemic are not yet fully realized. Although somewhat unorthodox, we include some parent comments at the end with the goal of sharing the parent perspective in real time as this pandemic unfolds across the world.
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Initial evidence suggests the pandemic's impact is especially strong for children who already had a mental health condition.
“Early evidence indicates that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are particularly salient among children who have a pre-existing psychological disorder [8].”
From Online art therapy in elementary schools during COVID-19: results from a randomized cluster pilot and feasibility study and impact on mental health (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
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Forecasting the Long-Term Effects of the Pandemic on Children: Towards a COVID-Generation
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Being autistic during the COVID-19 process: from a public health nurse’s perspective
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Pedagogical Insights to Implement the G-ESDM in Hybrid School Settings
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REGULASI DIRI ORANG TUA DALAM PENGASUHAN ANAK AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DI MASA PANDEMI
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Pandemic Effects: Ableism, Exclusion, and Procedural Bias
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- Authors
- degli Espinosa, F., Metko, A., Raimondi, M., Impenna, M., & Scognamiglio, E.
- Venue
- Behavior Analysis in Practice
- Published
- 2020-06-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 550-558
- ISSN
- 1998-1929 (ISSN-L)
- 2196-8934
- PMC
- PMC7266382
- OpenAlex
- W3030262772
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 36.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Behavior Analysis in Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, COVID-19 lockdown, family support, parent training, applied behavior analysis, remote intervention, behavioral problems, adaptive skills, caregiver stress, parental attitudes
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