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Cited by 531

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Large gradual solar energetic particle events

Open access
Desai, Mihir, Giacalone, Joe·2016·Living Reviews in Solar Physics
DOI 10.1007/s41116-016-0002-5
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Abstract

Solar energetic particles, or SEPs, from suprathermal (few keV) up to relativistic ( $$\sim $$ few GeV) energies are accelerated near the Sun in at least two ways: (1) by magnetic reconnection-driven processes during solar flares resulting in impulsive SEPs, and (2) at fast coronal-mass-ejection-driven shock waves that produce large gradual SEP events. Large gradual SEP events are of particular interest because the accompanying high-energy ( $${>}10$$ s MeV) protons pose serious radiation threats to human explorers living and working beyond low-Earth orbit and to technological assets such as communications and scientific satellites in space. However, a complete understanding of these large SEP events has eluded us primarily because their properties, as observed in Earth orbit, are smeared due to mixing and contributions from many important physical effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of these important phenomena, and summarizes some of the key questions that will be addressed by two upcoming missions—NASA’s Solar Probe Plus and ESA’s Solar Orbiter. Both of these missions are designed to directly and repeatedly sample the near-Sun environments where interplanetary scattering and transport effects are significantly reduced, allowing us to discriminate between different acceleration sites and mechanisms and to isolate the contributions of numerous physical processes occurring during large SEP events.

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Metadata

Authors
Desai, M., & Giacalone, J.
Venue
Living Reviews in Solar Physics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-09-07
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
3-3
ISSN
  • 1614-4961 (ISSN-L)
  • 2367-3648
DOI
10.1007/s41116-016-0002-5
OpenAlex
W2512449108
Cited by
531
References
149
FWCI
16.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Large gradual solar energetic particle events. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s41116-016-0002-5
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Desai, M., & Giacalone, J. (2016). Large gradual solar energetic particle events. Living Reviews in Solar Physics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41116-016-0002-5

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