The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The mechanism of synthesis of amino acids by electric discharges
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The synthetic mechanism is likely to have been of Strecker's type, as furtherly elucidated by Miller himself.”
From The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Homochirality Emergence in Prebiotic Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Miller, 1957
Citations
Cites
A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions
Miller, S. L. (1953) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.117.3046.528 · Cited by 3,522
Self-citationPHOTOMETRIC NINHYDRIN METHOD FOR USE IN THE CHROMATOGRAPHY OF AMINO ACIDS
Moore, S., & Stein, W. H. (1948) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51034-6 · Cited by 3,035
CHROMATOGRAPHY OF AMINO ACIDS ON SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE RESINS
Moore, S., & Stein, W. H. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77791-6 · Cited by 1,774
Production of Some Organic Compounds under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions1
Miller, S. L. (1955) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01614a001 · Cited by 827
Self-citationThe Fischer-Tropsch and related syntheses
Russell, D. H. (1951) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(51)90959-3 · Cited by 302
Separation of Organic Acids from Plant Tissues
Bulen, W. A., Varner, J. E., & Burrell, R. C. (1952) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60061a038 · Cited by 264
Colorimetric Method for Determination of Traces of Carbonyl Compounds
Lappin, G. R., & Clark, L. C. (1951) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60051a050 · Cited by 251
Oparin, A. I. (1961) · PubMed · Cited by 236
The chemistry of organic cyanogen compounds
Migrdichian, V. (1947) · Cited by 74
Simultaneous Separation of Purines, Pyrimidines, Amino Acids, and Other Nitrogenous Compounds
Wall, J. S. (1953) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60078a029 · Cited by 62
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Urey, 1952, 38, 351
- Stein, 1949, 14, 179
- Fischer, 1916, Ber., 49, 1357
- Hübener, 1952, Z. physiol. Chem., 290, 136
- Kurtz, 1943, Chem. Abstr., 37, 2747
- Carpenter, 1948, Chem. Abstr., 42, 2615
- Fischer, 1898, Ber., 31, 3276
- Francesconi, 1923, Gazz. chim. ital., 53, 327
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–380 of 380
Potentially Prebiotic Synthesis of a 3′-Amino-3′-deoxyribonucleoside
Sammons, S. R., Giurgiu, C., Szostak, J. W., & O’Flaherty, D. K. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c08614 · Cited by 2
Chen, F., Zhao, Y., & Ying, J. (2026) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2026.01.017 · Cited by 2
Yang, Z., Li, Y., Kitadai, N., Yamamoto, M., Ueno, Y., Lu, Y., Li, A., Adachi, K., Yamaguchi, A., Hashizume, D., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2515805123 · Cited by 2
A Comparison of Proteinoid and Aldocyanoin Microsystems as Models of the Primordial Protocell
Kenyon, D. H. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4640-1_13 · Cited by 2
Prebiotic Nucleotide Synthesis-Demonstration of a Geologically Plausible Pathway
Schwartz, A. W., van der Veen, M., Bisseling, T., & Chittenden, G. J. F. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2282-8_18 · Cited by 2
A Computational Quantum-Based Perspective on the Molecular Origins of Life’s Building Blocks
Amante, G., Šponer, J. E., Šponer, J., Saija, F., & Cassone, G. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24081012 · Cited by 2
Biological formation and reactions of the amino group
Banks, B. E. C. (1968) · Patai's chemistry of functional groups · doi:10.1002/9780470771082.ch9 · Cited by 2
Matsuda, G. (2004) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Cited by 2
DIVISION OF INSTRUMENTATION: DETECTION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE — A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ART*
Sall, T. (1964) · Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.2164-0947.1964.tb01493.x · Cited by 2
Steinman, G. (1972) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01660249 · Cited by 2
Chemical studies on the possible existence of life on Mars
Ponnamperuma, C., Navarro-González, R., & Honda, Y. (1995) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(99)80081-7 · Cited by 2
ORGANIC SYNTHESES UNDER PLASMA CONDITIONS
Suhr, H. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-70655-1.50008-9 · Cited by 1
Wang, Y., Wang, H., Wang, S., & Fang, Y. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202413768 · Cited by 1
Martinez, E., Flores, E., Valadez, D., Weber, J. M., VanderVelde, D. G., Sheppard, R. Y., Hodyss, R., Castillo-Rogez, J. C., Daswani, M. M., Henderson, B. L., et al. (2025) · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00372 · Cited by 1
Paschek, K., Henning, T. K., Molaverdikhani, K., Miyazaki, Y., Pearce, B. K. D., Pudritz, R. E., & Semenov, D. A. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc39b · Cited by 5
Cross‐Catalysis and Weak Interactions: Keys to the Chiral Polarization of the Biosphere
Stovbun, S. V., Skoblin, А. А., & Zlenko, D. V. (2025) · Chirality · doi:10.1002/chir.70051 · Cited by 1
Field-Theodore, T. E., Ravasio, M., Alessandrini, S., Carlo, C., & Puzzarini, C. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae058d · Cited by 1
Origin of terrestrial polypeptides: A theory based on data from discharge-tube experiments
Griffiths, P. R., Schuhmann, P. J., & Lippincott, E. R. (1973) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/bf00924475 · Cited by 1
Molecules, Macromolecules, and Self-Organizing Systems
Brown, G. H., & Wolken, J. J. (1979) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-136850-0.50010-1 · Cited by 1
HCN-Derived Polymers: From Prebiotic Chemistry to Materials Science
Ruiz‐Bermejo, M., de la Fuente, J. L., Pérez-Fernández, C., & Mateo‐Martí, E. (2024) · Advances in material research and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62186-4_3 · Cited by 1
Prebiotic thiol-catalyzed thioamide bond formation
Hyde, A. S., & House, C. H. (2024) · Geochemical Transactions · doi:10.1186/s12932-024-00088-6 · Cited by 3
Miller–Urey Spark‐Discharge Experiments in the Deuterium World
Cooper, G. J. T., Surman, A. J., McIver, J., Colón‐Santos, S. M., Gromski, P. S., Buchwald, S., Suárez-Marina, I., & Cronin, L. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201610837 · Cited by 1
The Miller–Urey Experiment's Impact on Modern Approaches to Prebiotic Chemistry
Cleaves, H. J. (2022) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839164798-00165 · Cited by 1
Plasmachemie — ein aktuelles Teilgebiet der präparativen Chemie
Schmeißer, M. (1971) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-663-01776-9_1 · Cited by 1
The Synthesis of Biologically Important Organic Compounds from Abiologic Systems
Berger, R. (1963) · Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges · doi:10.1002/bscb.19630720309 · Cited by 1
Bada, J. L. (2003) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2003.38 · Cited by 1
ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES UNDER PRIMITIVE EARTH CONDITIONS
Reuter, J. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-012758-3.50037-2 · Cited by 2
The Biochemical Continuum and Ecological Integration
Florkin, M., & Schoffeniels, E. (1969) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3226-3.50007-8 · Cited by 1
Role of Transient and Stable Molecules in Chemical Evolution
Chadha, M. S. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1712-5_8 · Cited by 1
The Atmosphere of the Primitive Earth and the Prebiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids
Miller, S. L. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2239-2_11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationPotiszil, C., Yamanaka, M., Ota, T., Tanaka, R., Kobayashi, K., & Nakamura, E. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0374.v2
Chemical Abundances in Planetary Atmospheres
Owen, T. (1968) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-012835-1.50047-7
Origins of Life: Emergence of the RNA World
Robertson, M. P. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb424
Correlation between prebiotic amino acid compositions and contemporary proteins
Ferrara, L., Andini, S., & Temussi, P. A. (1977) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90197-7
EL ORIGEN DE LA VIDA EN LA TIERRA
de la Cruz, F. A. (2003) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
Prebiotic chemistry themed issue
Sodupe, M., & Ugliengo, P. (2012)
Special Issue—Scripps Cent ennial
Bada, J. L. (2003)
Spontaneous Assembly of Cell-Like Structures from Likely Prebiotic Materials: Problems and Prospects
Cleaves, H. J. (2010) · Artificial Life
Astronomical and Biological Organizational Relationships
Joseph, A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809357-3.00005-9
Botta, O., & Bada, J. L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-26887-1_1
de Carvalho, V. A. N. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.75.2018.tde-23102018-155416
Modellsynthesen von Aminosäuren
Kricheldorf, H. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57978-7_4
(1957) · Nachrichten aus Chemie und Technik · doi:10.1002/nadc.19570051811
(2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812212-9.16001-4
(1975) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-022651-4.50032-5
Cleaves, H. J. (2015) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_585
(1964) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-010139-2.50015-9
Sueß, H. E. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2282-8_2
Dust Chemistry and Astrobiology
(2015) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781782623694-00268
(1965) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-0047-7.50017-4
(1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-017122-7.50013-8
Aminonitriles: Possible Role in Chemical Evolution
Chadha, M. S., Molton, P. M., & Ponnamperuma, C. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2282-8_14
(1975) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-762050-3.50022-5
Cleaves, H. J. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_585-3
Loew, G. H., & Chang, S. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2282-8_13
Chen, X., Lindblad, K. A., & Landweber, L. F. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0068
Prebiotic Organic Chemistry and the Origin of Life
Ds, B. (1992) · The Palaeobotanist · doi:10.54991/jop.1992.1100
Cleaves, H. J. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_585-4
Interstellar Chemistry, Astrobiology, and the Origin of Life
(2023) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839163968-00185
Joseph, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95717-5.00011-6
Cleaves, H. J. (2023) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_585
A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multialdehyde stress tolerance to land plantsPreprint
Kumar, P., Roy, A., Mukul, S. J., Singh, A. K., Singh, D. K., Nalli, A., Banerjee, P., Babu, K. S. D., Raman, B., Kruparani, S. P., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561280
Archaeal origin translation proofreader imparts multialdehyde stress tolerance to land plantsPreprint
Kumar, P., Roy, A., Mukul, S. J., Singh, A. K., Singh, D. K., Nalli, A., Banerjee, P., Babu, K. S. D., Raman, B., Kruparani, S. P., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92827.1
A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multialdehyde stress tolerance to land plantsPreprint
Kumar, P., Roy, A., Mukul, S. J., Singh, A. K., Singh, D. K., Nalli, A., Banerjee, P., Babu, K. S. D., Raman, B., Kruparani, S. P., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92827.2
A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multi-aldehyde stress tolerance to land plants
Kumar, P., Roy, A., Mukul, S. J., Singh, A. K., Singh, D. K., Nalli, A., Banerjee, P., Babu, K. S. D., Raman, B., Kruparani, S. P., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92827.3
ALMA detection of hydrogen cyanide in the atmosphere of Saturn
Manna, A., & Pal, S. (2024) · Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s12036-024-10024-w
Model Syntheses of Amino Acids
Kricheldorf, H. R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70752-4_4
Contamine, D., Martin, E., Aroskay, A., Bekki, S., Bindeman, I. N., Savarino, J., & Szopa, S. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2025jb031425
Synthesis and characterization of glycolates and implications for the genesis of glycolate minerals
Hu, M., Hu, J., & Lian, B. (2026) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123244
Experimental study of Pluto's atmosphere and aerosols
Jovanović, L. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3af0d8ebz0585z4580zbb1fz8049cdd22aa7
Luo, X., He, C., Yang, Z., Wang, Y., Fang, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, S., & Li, H. (2026) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ae593e
Identifying Amino Acid Isomers with Mass Spectrometry on Icy Ocean Moons
Bönigk, J., Napoleoni, M., Klenner, F., O’Sullivan, T. R., Sánchez, L. H., Khawaja, N., Bera, P. P., Malaska, M. J., Cable, M. L., & Postberg, F. (2026) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1177/15311074261443835
Yang, J., Adams, D., Hu, R., & Yung, Y. L. (2026) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2026.117134
Did it all begin with hydrogen cyanide?
Rahm, M. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2608465123
Rossmanith, L., Platymesi, S. K., Thompson, S. J., & Rimmer, P. B. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16050856
On Energy and Density of Jovian Lightning
Rosická, K., Santolík, O., & Kolmašová, I. (2026) · Surveys in Geophysics · doi:10.1007/s10712-026-09964-5
Faure, G., & Mensing, T. M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5544-7_23
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, S. L.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Stanley L.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1957-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 480-489
- ISSN
- 0006-3002 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079358694
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 17.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- electric discharge synthesis, amino acids, hydroxy acids, spark discharge, Strecker synthesis, hydrogen cyanide, aminonitriles, hydrolysis, beta-alanine, succinic acid, acrylonitrile, N-methylalanine, iminodiacetic acid, urea, early Earth, origin of life, prebiotic chemistry, ferrous ammonium sulfate
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Biochemical Phenomena, Electricity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review