The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF SYNTAX
Chomsky, N. (1964) · doi:10.21236/ad0616323 · Cited by 13,587
The Biological Foundations of Language
Lenneberg, E. H. (1967) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.1967.11707799 · Cited by 6,605
The critical period for language acquisition: Evidence from second language learning
Snow, C. E., & Hoefnagel-Hohle, M. (1978) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1128751 · Cited by 607
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Allwood, 1976, The complex np constraint as a non-universal rule and some semantic factors influencing the acceptability of Swedish sentences which violate the CNPC, University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 1
- Bateson, 1979, How do sensitive periods arise and what are they for?, Animal Behavior, 27, 470, 10.1016/0003-3472(79)90184-2 · DOI · Paper page
- Bley-Vroman, 1988, The accessibility of universal grammar in adult language learning, Second Language Research, 4, 1, 10.1177/026765838800400101 · DOI · Paper page
- Clahsen, 1986, The availability of universal grammar to adult and child learners: A study of the acquisition of German word order, Second Language Research, 2, 10.1177/026765838600200201 · DOI · Paper page
- duPlessis, 1987, UG or not UG, that is the question: A reply to Clahsen and Muysken, Second Language Research, 3.1
- Erteschik, 1973, On the nature of island constraints, MIT Dissertation
- Gold, 1967, Language identification in the limit, Information and Control, 10, 447, 10.1016/S0019-9958(67)91165-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Johnson, 1989, Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language, Cognitive Psychology, 21, 60, 10.1016/0010-0285(89)90003-0 · DOI · Paper page
- Oyama, 1978, The sensitive period and comprehension of speech, Working Papers on Bilingualism, 16, 1
- Patkowski, 1980, The sensitive period for the acquisition of syntax in a second language, Language Learning, 30, 449, 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1980.tb00328.x · DOI · Paper page
- Sportiche, 1981, On bounding nodes in French, Linguistic Review, 1, 219, 10.1515/tlir.1981.1.2.219 · DOI
- Torrego, 1984, On inversion in Spanish and some of its effects, Linguistic Inquiry, 15, 103
Cited by
Maturational constraints on language learning
Newport, E. L. (1990) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1401_2 · Cited by 1,738
Self-citationBirdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanisms
Doupe, A. J., & Kuhl, P. K. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.567 · Cited by 1,633
THE ROBUSTNESS OF CRITICAL PERIOD EFFECTS IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
DeKeyser, R. M. (2000) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100004022 · Cited by 1,432
Age constraints on second-language acquisition
Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., & Liu, S. (1999) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.1999.2638 · Cited by 989
The Acquisition of Heritage Languages
Montrul, S. (2015) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139030502 · Cited by 900
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, J. S., & Newport, E. L.
- Venue
- Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-06
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 215-258
- ISSN
- 0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129486857
- Cited by
- 416
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0010-0277(91)90054-8
- The paper
- Johnson, J. S., & Newport, E. L. (1991). Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(91)90054-8
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.