Pattern of gastrointestinal and somatic symptoms across the menstrual cycle
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The pattern of gastrointestinal symptoms and select mood and somatic symptoms was examined across two menstrual cycles in women with (n = 19) and without (n = 39) functional bowel distress (FBD). The women (a) rated their gastrointestinal, perimenstrual, mood, and other symptoms and stool frequency and consistency daily; (b) completed the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire-T; and (c) had serum levels of estrogen and progesterone measured during the menses, follicular, and luteal phases. Stomach pain, nausea, and diarrhea were rated higher at menses in the group with FBD than in the group without FBD. Stomach pain was higher during the remaining days as well. The group with FBD reported higher levels of perimenstrual symptoms also on six of the eight Menstrual Distress Questionnaire-T subscales (P less than 0.01). Other complaints, e.g., poor work/school performance, were higher in women with FBD, but somatic symptoms that were expected to vary over the cycle did not differ between groups, except cramping pain. There were no significant group differences in ovarian hormone levels or stool consistency/frequency scores.
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Considerable evidence suggests that pain prevalence is greater in women than in men.
“There is considerable evidence suggesting greater pain prevalence in women when compared to men 150, 152–154.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [153]
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References 19 · Cited by 123
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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- Authors
- Heitkemper, M. M., & Jarrett, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-02
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 505-513
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W110681695
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR001094, R01NR01094)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, gastrointestinal symptoms, perimenstrual symptoms, mood symptoms, somatic symptoms, stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, menstrual distress, estrogen, progesterone, ovarian hormones, stool frequency, stool consistency, menstrual cramps
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Colonic Diseases, Functional, Constipation, Diarrhea, Digestive System, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Nausea, Progesterone, Surveys and Questionnaires, Abdominal Pain
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