Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes
Open accessAbstract
The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community's understanding of chronic pain. Indeed, the biopsychosocial approach describes pain and disability as a multidimensional, dynamic integration among physiological, psychological, and social factors that reciprocally influence one another. In this article, we review two categories of studies that evaluate the contributions of psychosocial factors to the experience of chronic pain. First, we consider general psychosocial variables including distress, trauma, and interpersonal factors. Additionally, we discuss pain-specific psychosocial variables including catastrophizing, expectations, and pain-related coping. Together, we present a diverse array of psychological, social, and contextual factors and highlight the need to consider their roles in the development, maintenance, and treatment of chronic pain conditions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 515 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Premisereasoning
Psychosocial factors influence individual variability in pain-related outcomes.
“These psychosocial factors then influence individual variability in pain-related outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Depression, anxiety, and distress are among the strongest and most robust psychosocial predictors of transition from acute to chronic pain.
“psychosocial variables such as depression, anxiety, and distress are among the most potent and robust predictors of the transition from acute to chronic pain 13–18.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 6 sources checked - Premisecitation
Longitudinal observational research supports a strong bidirectional link between mood disorders and persistent pain.
“longitudinal, observational research supports a strong bidirectional link between mood disorders and persistent pain”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 6 sources checked - Premisecitation
Developing an enduring pain condition substantially increases vulnerability for a later diagnosis of an affective disorder.
“the development of an enduring pain condition confers a substantially increased vulnerability for the subsequent diagnosis of an affective disorder”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 6 sources checked - Premisecitation
Trait-based positive affect may buffer maladaptive pain-related behaviors such as fear of movement.
“trait-based positive affect may buffer maladaptive pain-related behaviors such as fear of movement62.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [62] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
State-based positive affect has been identified as a mediator of resilience after chronic pain.
“state-based positive affect has been identified as a mediator of resilience in the wake of chronic pain 59–61.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Strong prospective links exist between early-life traumatic experiences and later development of chronic pain.
“There are strong prospective links between early-life traumatic experiences and the subsequent development of chronic pain 23, 24, 66–69.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 6 sources checked - Premisecitation
In another chronic pain study, patients assigned to tailored positive activities reported greater improvements in pain intensity and pain control than an active control group.
“In another study of patients with chronic pain, individuals assigned to tailored positive activities reported greater improvements in pain intensity and pain control compared to those in an active control condition 65.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [65] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Positive affect and optimism are associated with less pain and dysfunction.
“positive affect and optimism are associated with less pain and dysfunction 57, 58.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Prospective studies suggest that pre-morbid psychological dysfunction is a risk factor for later development of many chronic pain conditions, including musculoskeletal pain and functional pain disorders.
“prospective studies suggest that pre-morbid psychological dysfunction represents a risk factor for the future development of numerous chronic pain conditions including musculoskeletal pain and functional pain disorders 14, 36–39.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Chronic pain patients show higher self-reported negative affect than pain-free controls across all such indices.
“Recent systematic reviews indicate that chronic pain patients, relative to pain-free controls, show elevations in all of these indices of self-reported negative affect 33–35.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
In such intervention studies, the psychological factor acts as a mediator, not necessarily a causal mechanism, through which treatment benefits occur.
“That is, the psychological factor acts as a mediator (though not necessarily a causal mechanism) through which a treatment confers its benefits 30, 31.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Childhood abuse was associated with a 97% increased risk of having a painful somatic syndrome such as fibromyalgia in adulthood.
“abuse in childhood conferred a 97% increase in risk for having a painful somatic syndrome such as fibromyalgia in adulthood 23.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [23] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Increasing evidence suggests an association between psychological and physical trauma and chronic pain.
“Increasing evidence suggests an association between both psychological and physical trauma and chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Emotional distress and psychosocial stress increase the likelihood of transition from acute to chronic musculoskeletal pain.
“emotional distress and psychosocial stress have been shown to increase the likelihood of transitioning from acute to chronic musculoskeletal pain 18, 36, 37, 41, 42.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Depression, anxiety, and emotional distress contribute strongly, often more strongly than pain intensity, to long-term persistent pain outcomes including physical disability, work disability, healthcare costs, mortality, and suicide.
“there is a wealth of evidence that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and emotional distress contribute strongly (more strongly than pain intensity, in many studies) to key long-term outcomes of persistent pain such as physical disability 35, 43–46, work disability 47, healthcare costs 48, 49, mortality 50–53, and suicide 22, 54, 55.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 8 sources checked- cites [35] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [43] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [44] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [45] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [46]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [47] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [48] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [49] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Depression, anxiety, general emotional distress, and negative affect are probably the most commonly assessed psychological factors in persistent pain patients.
“Depression, anxiety, and general indices of emotional distress along with a cluster of negative emotions, thoughts, and behaviors termed, “negative affect,” are probably the most commonly-assessed psychological factors in patients with persistent pain 11, 32, 33.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
In a lumbar fusion study, high pre-operative depression was the only significant predictor of failure to return to work after surgery, even when pre- and post-operative pain intensity were included.
“In multivariate analyses, high pre-operative symptoms of depression remained the only significant predictor of failure to return to work after surgery, even in multivariate models with pre- and post-operative pain intensity included.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In a study by Hausmann and colleagues, participants asked to complete positive activities reported improvements in pain scores from baseline to 6 months.
“In one study by Hausmann and colleagues 64, participants who were asked to complete positive activities (e.g., listing three good things about their day) reported improvements in pain scores from baseline to 6 months.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [64] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Preliminary evidence suggests that Positive Activity Interventions can be effective for chronic pain treatment.
“There is preliminary evidence suggesting that PAIs can be effective in the treatment of chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Childhood physical, sexual, and psychological abuse are risk factors for adult chronic pain conditions including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, and temporomandibular joint disorders.
“childhood physical, sexual, and psychological abuse have all been demonstrated as risk factors for the development of chronic pain conditions in adulthood including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, and temporomandibular joint disorders23, 69, 70.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
In low back pain, positive affect buffers negative affect: patients high in both positive and negative affect report less pain and depression and better functioning than those high in negative and low in positive affect.
“in patients with low back pain, positive affect has been shown to buffer the effects of negative affect such that patients with high levels of both positive and negative affect reporting less pain and depression and better functioning than those with high levels of negative affect and low levels of positive affect 58.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [58] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Higher pre-surgical emotional distress is associated with greater postsurgical pain and impairment.
“higher levels of pre-surgical emotional distress were associated with more postsurgical pain and impairment 20, 40.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [20] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [40]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In that lumbar fusion study, depression fully mediated the prospective association between pain intensity and occupational disability.
“In this study, depression fully mediated the prospective association between pain intensity and occupational disability.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
A recent meta-analysis reported that past traumas are associated with a two- to three-fold increase in development of chronic widespread pain.
“In a recent metaanalysis, the authors reported that the presence of past traumas is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the development of chronic widespread pain23.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [23] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisenone given
Social forces affect pain and pain-related outcomes.
“Social forces also impact pain and pain-related outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
PTSD is associated with greater pain severity and disability among abuse victims.
“It is also associated with elevated pain severity and disability among abuse victims 73, 74.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Parents' reactions to children's pain play an important determining role in children's pain responses.
“parents’ reactions to children’s pain have also been shown to play an important determining role in children’s pain responses 110–114”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and maltreatment and later-life pain and pain-related limitations.
“PTSD symptoms have been shown to mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and maltreatment and pain and pain-related limitations later in life 75, 76.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
The operant conditioning model of chronic pain proposes that other people's responses to pain behavior contribute to chronic pain and disability.
“the operant conditioning model of chronic pain posits that others’ responses to pain behavior play a role in chronic pain and disability 2, 105.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [2] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [105]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Couples-based interventions for patients with painful cancers appear more efficacious than treatment as usual or exclusively patient-focused interventions.
“couples- based interventions for patients with painful cancers appear to show greater efficacy than either treatment as usual or exclusively patient-focused interventions 102–104”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Some categories of traumatic stress are stronger risk factors for pain than others.
“there is evidence to suggest some categories of traumatic stress are stronger risk factors for pain than others.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationcitation
Social support may be a treatment target for chronic pain.
“social support may serve as a treatment target for chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
It remains difficult to determine how far PTSD and TBI independently predict chronic pain development.
“it remains difficult to identify the degree to which PTSD and TBI can independently predict the development of chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Considerable evidence indicates that greater solicitousness in response to pain behaviors predicts more pain-related disability.
“there is considerable evidence that a higher degree of solicitousness in response to pain behaviors predicts increased pain-related disability 85, 106–108.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
The social environment and the interaction between social support and solicitousness may be especially important for people with acquired amputation during the first few months after amputation.
“The social environment and interaction between social support and solicitousness may be particularly important for persons with acquired amputation during the first few months after the amputation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
In adult veterans, combat exposure and PTSD have the strongest statistical association with chronic pain.
“in adult veterans, combat exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been shown to have the strongest statistical association with chronic pain 23, 24.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [23] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [24]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
A recent meta-analysis found that better social support was associated with less postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery.
“better social support was associated with less postoperative pain after surgical management of breast cancer in a recent meta-analysis 97.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [97] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
A review of more than a dozen studies found that greater perceived social support was associated with less pain and better overall functioning among people with pain and physical disability related to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and acquired amputation.
“In a review of more than a dozen studies, the authors found that increased perceived social support was associated with better outcomes such as less pain and improved overall functioning among persons with pain and physical disability related to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and acquired amputation 85.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [85] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
The immediate social environment of parents for children with pain and spouses for married adults with pain strongly influences pain-related outcomes.
“The immediate social environment in the form of parents (for children experiencing pain) and spouses (for married adult patients with pain) exerts a powerful influence on pain-related outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Most studies to date have focused on either perceived global social support or solicitous social responses to pain behaviors.
“To date, most studies have focused on either perceived global social support (i.e., not pain-related) or solicitous social responses to pain behaviors (e.g., offering to take over tasks or encouragement to become less active) 85.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [85] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Social support is associated with better physical functioning in people with pain conditions.
“social support is found to be associated with improved physical functioning for individuals with pain conditions 33, 87–89.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
A 3-decade prospective study suggests that PTSD symptoms amplify the predictive effect of child abuse on later-life pain outcomes.
“results of a 3-decade prospective study suggest the presence of PTSD symptoms amplify the predictive effect of child abuse on later-life pain outcomes 77.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [77] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Having a supportive partner is associated with reduced symptom burden including less pain, improved quality of life, and fewer distress symptoms in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, metastatic breast cancer, and colorectal cancer.
“the presence of a supportive partner has been associated with reduced symptom burden (including less pain), improved quality of life, and fewer symptoms of distress in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia 92, metastatic breast cancer 93, 94, and other cancer types such as colorectal cancer95, 96.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
People with childhood reports of distressing events such as hospitalizations or loss of a family member had double the risk of adult chronic pain even after adjusting for psychological distress and socioeconomic status.
“individuals with childhood reports of distressing events such as hospitalizations or loss of a family member showed double the risk for the development of adult chronic pain even after adjusting for other important (and potentially confounding) predictors such as psychological distress and socioeconomic status 67”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [67] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
A recent study found that depression was associated with patient-physician discordance in estimates of disease severity, with depressed patients estimating their disease as much worse than physicians did.
“a recent study revealed that depression was associated with patient-physician discordance in estimates of disease severity (i.e., depressed patients estimated their disease severity as much worse, on average, than their physicians did) 146.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [146] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Li and colleagues found that arthritis patients reporting low workplace support were much more likely to develop depressive symptoms and work-related disability 18 months later.
“Li and colleagues studied workplace support among arthritis patients; those who reported low workplace support were much more likely to develop depressive symptoms and work-related disability 18 months later 133.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [133] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Creating and sustaining an effective therapeutic alliance appears to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the pain-improving effects of diverse interventions.
“creating and sustaining an effective therapeutic alliance appears to be a necessary and sufficient condition for promoting the pain-improving effects of diverse interventions 144–145.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Differences in social and occupational structures across countries appear to contribute to cross-national differences in return to work and occupational disability after painful work injury.
“differing social and occupational structures across countries appear to contribute to cross-national differences in rates of return to work and occupational disability in the context of painful work injury.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Anema and colleagues compared sustainable return-to-work rates across six countries and found job characteristics and social disability systems more important than medical, patient, and injury factors in explaining between-country differences after painful occupational injuries.
“Anema and colleagues 134 compared sustainable return-to-work rates between 6 different countries and found that differences in job characteristics and social disability systems were more important than medical interventions, patient, and injury-related factors in explaining the large between-country differences in rates of return to work following painful occupational injuries.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [134] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Patients' attachment styles are important predictors of pain-related outcomes in both children and adults.
“Patients’ attachment styles are also important predictors of pain-related outcomes among both children and adults.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
In cancer pain, social support and interpersonal interaction preferences appear to play an important role in shaping pain reports and general health.
“In cancer pain, social support interpersonal interaction preferences (e.g., discomfort with closeness and interdependence in relationships) seem to play an important role in shaping pain reports and general health 91.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [91] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Considerable evidence suggests that pain prevalence is greater in women than in men.
“There is considerable evidence suggesting greater pain prevalence in women when compared to men 150, 152–154.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
In a chronic pain study, social support in the form of encouragement to persist in a task was negatively associated with disability.
“In a study of patients with chronic pain, social support in the form of encouragement to persist in a task was negatively associated with disability 135.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [135] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Sex and gender are important factors in pain perception and experience.
“Sex and gender are important factors in the perception and experience of pain 148–151.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
The social environment can also be used for adaptive purposes.
“the social environment can also be harnessed for adaptive purposes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Women show greater sensitivity than men across multiple modalities of experimental pain.
“women demonstrate a greater sensitivity to multiple modalities of experimental pain when compared with men 161.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [161] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
A handful of studies suggest that the working alliance statistically mediates the positive effects of rehabilitative treatments in people with musculoskeletal pain.
“A handful of studies suggest that an index of the therapeutic relationship (i.e., the working alliance) statistically mediates the positive effects of rehabilitative treatments among people with musculoskeletal pain 141–145.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
During psychotherapeutic treatment, establishing a sound patient-therapist relationship is crucial for good outcomes.
“During psychotherapeutic treatment, for example, establishing a sound therapeutic relationship between patient and therapist is crucial for producing good outcomes 140.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [140] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Interactions between chronic pain patients and their significant others can either help or harm adjustment to chronic pain.
“It is clear that the interactions between patients with chronic pain and their significant others can either facilitate or impair adjustment to chronic pain 87, 120–122.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Among couples, high spousal depressive symptoms predict worsening patient disability and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis over one year.
“among couples, high levels of spousal depressive symptoms predict worsening patient disability and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over a 1-year period 123.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [123] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In a randomized controlled trial of low back pain patients and their spouses, a spouse-assisted intervention produced larger decreases in fear of pain and catastrophizing than standard multidisciplinary intervention.
“In a recent randomized controlled trial examining patients with LBP and their spouses, the spouse-assisted intervention produced larger decreases in fear of pain and catastrophizing than the standard multidisciplinary intervention 139.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [139] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
Parental attention to pain and solicitous behaviors encouraging children to avoid regular activities may be pathways by which parental catastrophizing amplifies a child's pain experience and behavior.
“Parental attention to pain and solicitous behaviors that encourage children to avoid regular activities may provide specific pathways by which parental catastrophizing amplifies a child’s pain experience and behavior 116–118, 119.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Patients whose partners have avoidant and anxious attachment styles are more likely to report greater pain and lower well-being.
“Patients with partners showing avoidant and anxious attachment styles are more likely to report increased pain and decreased well-being 103, 124–127.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisereasoning
Consistent evidence suggests that hormones influence sex differences in clinical pain conditions.
“there is consistent evidence to suggest hormones influence sex differences in clinical pain conditions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Among people with depression, women are more likely than men to report pain complaints.
“among individuals with depression, women are more likely to report pain complaints than men 213, 214”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [213] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [214]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Women report using catastrophizing, behavioral activities, positive self-statements, social and emotional support, and problem-focused coping more often than men.
“compared to men, women have endorsed more frequent use of catastrophizing, behavioral activities, positive self-statements, social and emotional support, and problem-focused coping 148, 201–204.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Catastrophizing mediates sex differences in pain-related outcomes, clinical pain, and experimental pain.
“catastrophizing has been shown to mediate the sex differences in pain-related outcomes, clinical pain, and experimental pain 162, 205, 206.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Symptom severity for several pain conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular disorders, headache, and fibromyalgia varies across the menstrual cycle.
“the severity of symptoms for several pain conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular disorders, headache, and fibromyalgia varies across the menstrual cycle 185–191.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 7 sources checked- cites [185] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [186] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [187] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [188] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [189] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [190] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [191] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Psychological factors such as coping, catastrophizing, and affective distress can explain sex differences in pain perception.
“Sex differences in pain perception can also be accounted for by a number of psychological factors including coping, catastrophizing, and affective distress.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Black individuals show greater pain sensitivity than White individuals.
“It is well-documented that, compared to White individuals, Black individuals demonstrate increased pain sensitivity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Several studies show an association between endorsing masculinity and higher pain threshold and tolerance and lower pain ratings.
“A number of studies have demonstrated an association between endorsing masculinity and a higher pain threshold and tolerance and lower pain ratings 194–198.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
Sex differences in the endogenous opioid system may account for sex differences in pain experience.
“Sex differences in the endogenous opioid system may also account for sex differences in the pain experience.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Gender roles are associated with pain responses.
“Gender roles, for example, are associated with pain responses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Women with chronic pain are more likely to experience depression.
“and women with chronic pain are more likely to experience depression.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [213] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [214]
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Sex differences in pain experience may be caused by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
“The sex differences observed in the pain experience may be caused by a number of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
A second subset of studies found no sex differences in DNIC response.
“However, a second subset of studies have found no sex differences in DNIC response 179–181.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Interpretationreasoning
Psychosocial mechanisms also contribute to sex differences in pain experience.
“Psychosocial mechanisms also contribute to the sex differences in the pain experience.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
There are notable race differences in pain coping.
“There are also notable race differences in pain coping.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [247] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Expectations about pain affect pain perception.
“Expectations regarding pain also impact pain perception.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [244] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Black individuals report higher pain levels for clinical conditions including AIDS, glaucoma, arthritis, post-operative pain, post-spinal fusion pain, and low back pain.
“Black individuals have reported higher levels of pain for clinical conditions such as AIDS, glaucoma, arthritis, post-operative pain, post-spinal fusion pain, and low back pain 216–220.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Preliminary evidence suggests that expectations for pain sensitivity and willingness to report pain differ by race and ethnicity.
“Preliminary evidence suggests that expectations for pain sensitivity and willingness to report pain differ based on race and ethnicity, which may help explain race difference in pain sensitivity 245, 246.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [245]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [246] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In a laboratory pain study, Native American participants were less sensitive to acute pain than non-Hispanic Whites.
“Native American participants in a laboratory pain study were actually less pain-sensitive than non- Hispanic Whites on measures of acute pain sensitivity”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [227] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Sociocultural factors and ethnic background can influence how individuals appraise pain.
“The meaning of pain (i.e. how individuals appraise pain) can be influenced by sociocultural factors and ethnic background 242, 243.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Interpretationreasoning
Differences in psychological distress may contribute to race differences in pain sensitivity.
“The differential experience of psychological distress may well contribute to race differences in pain sensitivity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Chronic socioeconomic strain and racism cause high sympathetic nervous system activation and physiological exhaustion, making a person more sensitive to painful stimuli.
“Chronic socioeconomic strain and racism lead to high levels of sympathetic nervous system activation and physiological exhaustion making the individual more sensitive to painful stimuli 251.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [251] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
Biological factors may contribute to racial differences in clinical and experimental pain sensitivity.
“Racial differences in clinical and experimental pain sensitivity may be due to a variety of reasons including biological factors.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Psychosocial factors may explain race differences in pain sensitivity.
“In addition to biological factors, psychosocial factors may account for race differences in pain sensitivity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Black individuals have reduced diffuse noxious inhibitory control of pain compared with non-Hispanic Whites.
“Black individuals experience reduced diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) of pain compared to non-Hispanic Whites, indicating ethnic differences in endogenous pain inhibition 229.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [229]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Individual differences in how people apply pain-coping strategies have an important influence on pain-related outcomes.
“individual differences in the application of paincoping strategies have an important influence on pain-related outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
A recent meta-analysis found that Black Americans more frequently use catastrophizing, hoping and praying, and passive coping than White Americans.
“In a recent meta-analysis, researchers found that Black Americans more frequently endorse the use of catastrophizing, hoping and praying, and passive coping compared to White Americans 247.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [247] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Higher anxiety levels are associated with greater pain sensitivity.
“Likewise, higher levels of anxiety are associated with increased pain sensitivity 236.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [236] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
African Americans have a lower threshold for the nociceptive flexion reflex than Caucasians.
“Campbell and colleagues 228 found that compared to Caucasians, African Americans have a lower threshold for the nociceptive flexion reflex, a measurement of pain induced spinal reflexes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [228] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
Differences in central pain-inhibitory mechanisms may underlie racial differences in pain sensitivity.
“Differences in central pain-inhibitory mechanisms may also underlie racial differences in pain sensitivity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Catastrophizing and praying mediate race differences in experimental pain.
“there is evidence to suggest that both catastrophizing as well as praying mediate race differences in experimental pain 162, 222.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Expectations of decreased pain reduce activation in pain-related brain regions.
“Furthermore, these expectations decreased the activation of pain-related brain regions, offering an explanation of how expectations influence pain sensations.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [244] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Expectations of decreased pain reduce the subjective experience of pain.
“Koyama and colleagues 244 found that expectations of decreased pain reduced the subjective experience of pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [244] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Catastrophizing affects the effectiveness of pain-relieving interventions, including surgery.
“Catastrophizing also impacts treatment effectiveness for pain-relieving interventions 300, 301, 309, including surgery310–312.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Most studies indicate that ignoring pain does not predict pain-related outcomes such as pain interference, disability, or pain severity.
“the majority of studies indicate that ignoring pain does not predict pain-related outcomes such as pain interference, disability, or pain severity 291, 292.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Evidence suggests that ignoring pain is associated with both increased and decreased pain interference.
“Evidence suggests an association between ignoring pain and both increased and decreased pain interference 281, 288–290.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Passive coping strategies are linked to poorer outcomes such as increased pain and depression.
“while passive strategies are linked to poorer outcomes such as increased pain and depression 258, 267–270.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
The benefits of analgesic therapies may be partly explained by their effects on cognitive-emotional processes such as catastrophizing.
“many studies have demonstrated that the benefits of analgesic therapies may be explained, in part, by their effects on cognitive emotional processes such as catastrophizing.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
In a study of persistent orofacial pain, baseline catastrophizing was more than one standard deviation higher in non-responders than in responders.
“In a study aimed at identifying predictors of treatment responders for persistent orofacial pain, researchers found that baseline levels of catastrophizing were more than one standard deviation higher in the non-responder group than for responders 316.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [316] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In randomized controlled trials, individuals with high pre-treatment catastrophizing benefited less from topical analgesics, oral analgesics, and psychosocial treatments.
“In randomized controlled trials, individuals with high pretreatment levels of catastrophizing demonstrated less benefit from topical analgesics 313, oral analgesics 309, and psychosocial treatments314, 315.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
In individuals with chronic pain, emotion-focused coping is associated with worse pain and functioning than problem-focused coping.
“There is also evidence suggesting that, compared to problem-focused coping, emotion- focused coping is associated with worse pain and functioning in individuals with chronic pain 267, 271–277.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 8 sources checked- cites [267] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [271] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [272] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [273] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [274]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [275] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [276] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [277] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
Evidence on the relationship between ignoring pain and pain-related outcomes is mixed.
“There is also mixed evidence for the relationship between ignoring pain and pain-related outcomes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Catastrophizing has a unique and specific influence on pain-related outcomes.
“it also shows a unique and specific influence on pain-related outcomes 297–299.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Among patients receiving TENS treatment, those with higher baseline catastrophizing had less pain reduction and poorer functional outcomes after treatment.
“For patients receiving TENS treatment, those with higher baseline levels of catastrophizing experienced less pain reduction and reduced functional outcomes following treatment 317.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [317] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Catastrophizing positively correlates with general negative affect such as depressive symptoms and anxiety.
“While catastrophizing positively correlates with general measures of negative affect such as depressive symptoms and anxiety, it also shows a unique and specific influence on pain-related outcomes 297–299.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Reinterpreting pain sensations shows weak correlations with functional variables such as pain interference and physical disability.
“it shows weak correlations with functional variables such as pain interference and physical disability 281, 284–287.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
In patients with musculoskeletal pain, catastrophizing is the single most important pre-treatment risk factor that reduces the effectiveness of pain-relieving interventions.
“Studies in patients with musculoskeletal pain have indicated that catastrophizing is the single most important pre-treatment risk factor that impairs the effectiveness of pain-relieving interventions 300, 301”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
In people with chronic low back pain, musculoskeletal pain, and other chronic pain complaints, catastrophizing is associated with greater pain intensity, pain disability, and psychological distress, even after controlling for physical impairment.
“For individuals with chronic low back pain, musculoskeletal pain, and other miscellaneous chronic pain complains, catastrophizing is associated with increased pain intensity, pain disability, and psychological distress, even when controlling for level of physical impairment 295, 296.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Recent reviews identify catastrophizing as a key phenotypic factor to assess in trials of analgesic treatments for chronic pain.
“Recent reviews have identified catastrophizing as a key phenotypic factor to assess in trials of analgesic treatments in patients with chronic pain 11.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [11] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Catastrophizing overlaps and interacts with other psychosocial processes including depression, anxiety, distress, fear of pain, self-efficacy, optimism, and other positive factors.
“it also overlaps and interacts with other psychosocial processes including depression, anxiety, distress, fear of pain, self-efficacy, optimism, and other positive factors 32, 306, 333, 334.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [32]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [306] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [333]
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
Within the Communal Coping Model, catastrophizing can be conceptualized as a coping strategy that activates the individual's social environment by soliciting support or empathy.
“Within the Communal Coping Model framework, catastrophizing can be conceptualized as a coping strategy that activates the individual’s social environment by soliciting support or empathy 124, 294, 341, 342.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Consistent with the Cognitive Behavioral Model of chronic pain, evidence suggests that pain catastrophizing influences pain-related disability through fear of pain.
“Consistent with the Cognitive Behavioral Model of chronic pain, there is evidence to suggest that pain catastrophizing influences pain-related disability via fear of pain 25, 335, 336.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
In one study, partner catastrophizing was associated with increased pain intensity in women with dyspareunia.
“In one study partner catastrophizing was associated with increased pain intensity in women with dyspareunia 344.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [344] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
For children undergoing major surgery, parent pain catastrophizing scores predicted the child's post-surgical pain intensity.
“For children undergoing major surgery, parent pain catastrophizing scores predicted the child’s post-surgical pain intensity 116, 119, 345.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
ACT, which does not directly target catastrophizing, is also effective in reducing catastrophizing.
“Likewise, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which does not directly target catastrophizing, has shown to also be effective in reducing catastrophizing 324–327.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Changes in catastrophizing and negative affect precede changes in clinical pain.
“A number of studies using longitudinal process analyses demonstrate that changes in catastrophizing and negative affect precede changes in clinical pain 30, 318–321.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Catastrophizing has been identified as an indirect mechanism by which ACT reduces pain-related disability.
“catastrophizing has been identified as an indirect mechanism of ACT in reducing pain related disability 328.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [328] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Early-treatment changes in catastrophizing account for substantial portions of variability in end-of-treatment outcomes.
“There is also evidence suggesting that substantial portions of the variability in end-of-treatment outcomes can be accounted for by early-treatment changes in catastrophizing 30, 31.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
Catastrophizing is also a mechanism of change for non-psychosocial treatments.
“Catastrophizing is also a mechanism of change for non-psychosocial treatments.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Multidisciplinary treatment programs that include exercise and activity-based physical therapy improve pain outcomes partly through reductions in catastrophizing.
“studies have shown that multidisciplinary treatment programs that include exercise as well as activity-based physical therapy also improve pain outcomes, in part, through reductions in catastrophizing 329–332.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Catastrophizing by individuals in supportive roles, such as a parent or spouse, also influences pain-related outcomes.
“there is also evidence to suggest that catastrophizing by individuals in supportive roles (e.g. parent, spouse) also influences pain-related outcomes112, 115, 344.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
For patients with chronic low back pain, interventions aimed at increasing engagement in graded physical activity and fear-provoking activities reduce pain catastrophizing and functional disability.
“for patients with chronic low back pain, interventions aimed at increased engagement in graded physical activity as well as fear-provoking activities have been shown to reduce pain catastrophizing as well as functional disability 330.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [330] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Catastrophizing uniquely influences the experience of pain.
“Although catastrophizing uniquely influences the experience of pain, it also overlaps and interacts with other psychosocial processes including depression, anxiety, distress, fear of pain, self-efficacy, optimism, and other positive factors 32, 306, 333, 334.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [32]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [306] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [333]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Catastrophizing overlaps with social processes such as social support.
“Catastrophizing also overlaps with social processes such as social support 108, 339, 340.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
CBT is effective in reducing catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain that has lasted for decades.
“CBT, which involves reframing negative automatic cognitions, such as catastrophic cognitions, is effective in reducing catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain that has persisted for decades 322”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [322] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
CBT's effects on catastrophizing can last for months or years after treatment.
“and its effects can last for months or years after treatment 323.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [323] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In a study comparing CBT, physical therapy, and combined CBT and physical therapy, there were no between-group differences in pre- to post-treatment change in catastrophizing.
“In a study comparing CBT, physical therapy, and combined CBT and physical therapy, there were no between group differences in the pre- to post-treatment change in catastrophizing 329.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [329] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Changes in catastrophizing during treatment predicted changes in pain outcomes, even in the group that received only physical therapy without specific targeting of catastrophizing-related cognitions.
“However, changes in catastrophizing over the duration of the treatment predicted changes in pain outcomes, even in the group that received only physical therapy, with no specific targeting of catastrophizing-related cognitions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [329] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Social factors may be a mechanism by which catastrophizing affects pain outcomes.
“suggesting these social factors may be a mechanism by which catastrophizing affects pain outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Studies of the brain's default mode network and other resting-state networks suggest long-lasting functional brain changes related to chronic pain.
“studies of the brain’s default mode network and other resting state networks suggest long-lasting functional brain changes related to the presence of chronic pain 379, 384–387.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Patients with persistent pain show reductions in gray matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and insula.
“There are reductions in gray matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and insula among patients with persistent pain 381–383.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Pain-specific expectations play a role in the effectiveness of both active treatments and placebo.
“Pain-specific expectations also play a role in the effectiveness of both active treatments and placebo.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Self-efficacy is a key mechanism of change in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for chronic pain.
“self-efficacy has been shown to be a key mechanism of change in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for chronic pain 145, 315, 375.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between pain and performance of valued activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
“Similarly, self-efficacy mediates the relationship between pain and performance of valued activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 373.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [373] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Pain-specific expectations have been identified as one of the core mechanisms underlying placebo analgesia.
“Pain-specific expectations have also been identified as one of the core mechanisms underlying placebo analgesia 365, 366.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Pain-related self-efficacy predicts functional pain outcomes.
“predicts functional pain outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [270] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Chronic low back pain patients show enhanced microglial activation compared with pain-free controls.
“Non-neural components of the central nervous system also appear to be affected with chronic low back pain patients showing enhanced microglial activation relative to pain-free controls 388.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [388] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In patients with persistent orofacial pain, self-efficacy mediated CBT-related improvements in pain and disability.
“In a study of patients with persistent orofacial pain, self-efficacy mediated the CBT-related improvements in pain and disability 315.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [315] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Studies show changes in functional connectivity in chronic pain patients.
“Further, studies show changes in functional connectivity in chronic pain patients.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked - Premisecitation
Pain-specific expectations influence pain intensity ratings in both laboratory and clinical settings.
“pain specific expectations also influence pain intensity ratings in both laboratory and clinical settings 357–359.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Positive outcome expectancy has been identified as a protective factor in the transition from acute to chronic pain.
“Positive outcome expectancy has been identified as a protective factorfrom the transition from acute to chronic pain 354–356.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
There is evidence for chronic pain-related alterations in several cortical regions important for pain perception, including primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, insular and anterior cingulate cortices, prefrontal cortices, and many subcortical areas.
“Currently, there is evidence for chronic pain-related alterations a number of cortical regions that are considered to be important for the perception of pain including the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, insular and anterior cingulate cortices, the prefrontal cortices, and many subcortical areas.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Pain-related self-efficacy mediates the relationship between pain and functioning in women with fibromyalgia pain.
“Pain-related self-efficacy also mediates the relationship between pain and functioning in women with fibromyalgia pain 372.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [372] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Many psychosocial factors, especially pain-specific cognitive and affective processes, have strong associations with functional brain responses to pain.
“many of the psychosocial factors and, more specifically, pain- specific cognitive and affective processes, have strong associations with functional brain responses to pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Pain-specific expectations influence treatment outcomes for several active interventions including surgery, opioid analgesics, and acupuncture.
“Such expectations have been shown to influence treatment outcomes for a number of active interventions including surgery, opioid analgesics, and acupuncture 360–363.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Higher catastrophizing is related to enhanced fMRI responses to calibrated noxious stimuli in areas such as anterior insular cortex in both fibromyalgia patients and pain-free adults.
“Higher levels of catastrophizing are related to enhanced fMRI responses to calibrated noxious stimuli in areas such as anterior insular cortex among both fibromyalgia patients 396, and pain-free adults 397.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [396] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [397]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Structural and functional neuroimaging has produced evidence of alterations in brain structure and function among patients with chronic pain.
“Progress in structural and functional neuroimaging has been exponential in recent years producing evidence of alterations in both brain structure and function among patients with chronic pain 377, 378.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Interpretationreasoning
Pain expectations influence the experience of pain at various stages, from acute pain intensity through the development and treatment of chronic pain.
“Thus, pain expectations are influencing the experience of pain at various stages, from acute pain intensity through the development and treatment of chronic”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
A broad range of psychosocial variables act as risk or resilience factors, influencing the probability of developing chronic pain, the severity of consequences such as disability, and the success or failure of pain treatments.
“As the tenets of the biopsychosocial model suggest, a broad range of psychosocial variables act as risk or resilience factors, influencing the probability of developing a chronic pain condition, the severity of pain-related consequences such as disability, and the success or failure of various pain treatments.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
Chronic pain has psychosocial and functional consequences in multiple areas of functioning, including cognition, emotion, and behavior.
“The presence of chronic pain has a number of psychosocial and functional consequences in multiple areas of functioning - cognition, emotion, and behavior.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Very few functional neuroimaging studies have examined the neural underpinnings of pediatric chronic pain.
“very few functional neuroimaging studies have examined the neural underpinnings of pediatric chronic pain”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [403]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Other neuroimaging work has highlighted maladaptive activity or connectivity in the amygdala.
“Other neuroimaging work has highlighted maladaptive activity or connectivity in the amygdala 396, 398, 399.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 16
- May combine two claims. 65
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationThe biopsychosocial approach characterizes pain and disability as a multidimensional dynamic interaction among physiological, psychological, and social factors that reciprocally influence each other and produce chronic complex pain syndromes.
“Collectively, the biopsychosocial approach describes pain and disability as a multidimensional, dynamic interaction among physiological, psychological, and social factors that reciprocally influence one another, resulting in chronic and complex pain syndromes7, 12.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Premisenone givenThe biopsychosocial model is the dominant framework for understanding chronic pain in the scientific community.
“The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community’s understanding of chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisenone givenHistorically, pain including chronic pain was understood as a linear relationship between identifiable organic pathology and patient-reported symptoms.
“Historically, the concept of pain, even chronic pain, depended on a linear relationship between identifiable organic pathology and patient-reported symptoms.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisenone givenPsychological factors were presumed to be primary mechanistic contributors to pain only when no identifiable pathology was present and the pain was labeled psychogenic.
“Psychological factors were presumed to be primary mechanistic contributors to pain only in those cases where no identifiable pathology was present and the pain could be labeled as “psychogenic”.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPsychosocial processes can be pre-existing vulnerability factors or can emerge in response to ongoing pain.
“In the first category, psychosocial processes either exist within an individual as pre-existing “vulnerability” factor [e.g., distress20–22, trauma23, 24] or emerge for the first time in response to the experience of ongoing pain [e.g., fear-avoidance behavior 25, self-efficacy26, 27].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 8 sources checked- cites [20] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [21] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [22] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [23] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [24]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [25] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [26] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [27] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenPain report is always subjective and influenced by many cognitive, behavioral, and affective constructs and processes.
“the report of pain is always subjective, influenced by a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, and affective constructs and processes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSpecific psychosocial characteristics increase risk for transition from acute to persistent pain or for pain-related disability when pain persists.
“specific psychosocial characteristics place individuals at elevated risk for the transition from acute to persistent pain, or for the development of pain-related disability in the context of a persisting pain condition 15, 22, 28, 29.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checkedClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationA second category of mechanistic study delivers a pain-related intervention intended to change a psychological factor, with the expectation that changing that psychosocial factor will be associated with later change in pain-related outcomes.
“The second category of mechanistic study involves delivery of some type of pain-related intervention that is hypothesized to directly affect a psychological factor, presuming that changing that psychosocial factor (e.g., reducing distress, improving pain-coping, etc) will be associated with a subsequent change in one or more pain-related outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningAssessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of persistent pain require a broad strategy that includes psychosocial and behavioral factors alongside biomedical factors.
“assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and consequently treatment of the patient with persistent pain requires a broad strategy that examines and incorporates a wide range of psychosocial and behavioral factors in addition to, but not to the exclusion of, biomedical ones.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPatients with pre-operative depression scores in the upper half were about one-third less likely to return to work, and those who returned took nearly twice as long after surgery to start working again.
“patients in the upper half of the distribution of pre-operative depression scores were approximately ⅓ less likely to return to work and, among those who did return, took nearly twice as long post-operatively to begin working again 56.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn a 20-month longitudinal study, depression and anxiety predicted later pain and pain-related disability, but pain and pain-related disability did not predict later depression and anxiety.
“results of a 20-month longitudinal study indicate that depression and anxiety longitudinally predict pain and pain-related disability, however neither pain nor pain-related disability predicted depression and anxiety 21.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [21] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationPositive Activity Interventions aim to increase positive feelings, cognitions, and behaviors rather than to reduce negative ones.
“PAIs are aimed at raising positive feelings, cognitions, and behaviors rather than reducing negative ones63.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [63] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationDispositional optimism is linked to lower pain sensitivity, and a study by Hanssen and colleagues found that optimism improves pain intensity by reducing situational pain catastrophizing.
“Dispositional optimism has not only been linked to lower pain sensitivity, but a recent study by Hanssen and colleagues identified that optimism improves pain intensity through its effects on reducing situational pain catastrophizing 57.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenMost psychosocial variables reviewed are not condition-specific and have been studied across diagnostic categories with similar results.
“These variables are not condition-specific; indeed most have been studied across diagnostic categories with similar results.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSeveral studies found that patients with positive general social support but without solicitous responses to pain were less likely to develop persistent phantom limb pain after amputation and reported lower physical dysfunction.
“Several studies found that patients reporting positive general social support but lacking solicitous responses to pain were less likely to develop persistent phantom limb pain post-amputation and report lower levels of physical dysfunction 85, 107, 109.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationGuillory and colleagues found that a text message-based social support intervention reduced pain severity and interference and increased positive affect.
“Guillory and colleagues101 found that a text message-based social support intervention was effective in reducing pain severity and interference and increasing positive affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [101] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationExperimental pain studies show that receiving social support during a pain task attenuates blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol reactivity and is associated with lower pain intensity and unpleasantness and higher pain threshold.
“experimental pain studies that demonstrate receiving social support during a pain task not only attenuates blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol reactivity, but is also associated with reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings and increased pain threshold 98–100.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationA meta-analysis of 23 studies found that more than half of people diagnosed with TBI report chronic pain complaints, likely because of associated physical injuries at the time of TBI.
“According to a metaanalysis of 23 studies, more than 50% of people diagnosed with TBI report chronic pain complaints 80, likely due to the associated physical injuries at the time of the TBI81.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Interpretationnone givenIt is still unclear whether the trauma-chronic pain association is caused by the trauma itself or by affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to the traumatic event.
“It remains unclear whether the association between trauma and later chronic pain is the result of the trauma or is driven by affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to the traumatic event (e.g. fear and avoidance).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThere is significant comorbidity and symptom convergence between PTSD and TBI.
“there is significant comorbidity as well as symptom convergence between PTSD and TBI 82–84.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSome childhood stressful events, such as prolonged hospitalization, are associated with adult chronic pain, while childhood surgery conferred no additional risk.
“some childhood stressful events such as prolonged hospitalization are associated with chronic pain in adulthood while childhood surgery conferred no additional risk, despite the likelihood that surgery is a painful and distressing experience for children 67.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [67] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPTSD is a risk factor for chronic pain and is associated with increased risk of transition from acute to chronic pain.
“PTSD, a psychiatric condition resulting from exposure to a traumatic event and characterized by hyperarousal, avoidance, and reexperiencing, is not only a risk factor for chronic pain 71, 72, but is associated with increased risk for the transition from acute to chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [71] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [72]
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationThe stress-buffering hypothesis holds that social support can buffer the negative health consequences of stressors.
“According to the stress-buffering hypothesis, negative consequences of stressors on health outcomes can be buffered by social support 86.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [86] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationParental pain catastrophizing is strongly related to children's persistent pain after major surgery and to the child's disability.
“parental pain catastrophizing is strongly related to the development of children’s persistent pain following major surgery 115, and to the child’s disability 116.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationCompared with males, females have lower pain threshold and tolerance and greater pain intensity and unpleasantness for heat, cold, ischemic, and pressure pain.
“compared to males, females demonstrate a decreased threshold and tolerance for pain and increased pain intensity and unpleasantness for heat, cold, ischemic, and pressure pain 150, 161–164”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationSuch discordance is likely common, especially because pain is invisible, and can harm patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment.
“Such discordance is likely to be common, especially in light of the “invisible” nature of pain, and it can have deleterious effects on patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment regimens 147.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [147] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationLack of workplace social support, dissatisfaction with co-workers, and interactions with the disability compensation system are among the strongest predictors of pain-related work disability.
“Lack of social support at work, dissatisfaction with co-workers, and interactions with the disability compensation system are among the most potent predictors of pain-related work disability 89, 131, 132.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationMusculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal, neuropathic, facial pain, and headache are all more prevalent in females than males.
“musculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal, neuropathic, facial pain and headache are all more prevalent among females compared to males 156–160.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPeople with anxious or insecure attachment styles are at elevated risk for poorer mental and physical health, reduced physical activity engagement, and less treatment-related improvement in affective outcomes in a multidisciplinary program.
“Individuals with anxious or insecure attachment styles are at elevated risk for poorer mental and physical health 128, for reduced engagement in physical activity 129, and for less treatment- related improvement in affective outcomes among patients participating in a multidisciplinary treatment program 130.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationUnruh's review found that women are more likely than men to experience recurrent, more severe, more frequent, and longer-lasting pain.
“In a review, Unruh 155 found that, compared to men, women are more likely to experience recurrent pain, more severe pain, more frequent pain, and longer-lasting pain.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [155] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAnxiety is associated with greater clinical pain and greater experimental pain sensitivity.
“Anxiety, which is associated with increased clinical pain and experimental pain sensitivity 161, 207”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationCompared with males, females show greater sensitivity to pain-induced muscle reflexes, greater pupil dilation, and amplified cerebral activation in response to pain.
“Compared with males, females demonstrate increased sensitivity to pain-induced muscle reflexes 165 and show increased pupil dilation 166 as well as amplified cerebral activation in response to pain 167.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationFemales exhibit a more pronounced temporal summation response than males, suggesting differences in central processing of nociceptive stimuli.
“Compared to males, females exhibit a more pronounced temporal summation response 172–174 suggesting differences in the central processing of nociceptive stimuli.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSeveral studies indicate that the DNIC response is more pronounced in males than females, suggesting better endogenous pain inhibition in males.
“Several studies indicate the DNIC response is more pronounced in males than females, suggesting better functioning of the endogenous pain inhibitory system among males 176–178.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationWomen show higher μ opioid receptor binding at rest, while men show greater μ-opioid receptor binding in response to experimentally induced pain.
“women show a higher μ opioid receptor binding at rest while men exhibit greater μ- opioid receptor binding in response to experimentally induced pain 192”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [192] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationMales often adopt a masculine gender norm of greater pain tolerance, while females adopt a norm that accepts pain as a normal part of life.
“Males often adopt the masculine gender norm of increased pain tolerance while females adopt a norm accepting pain as a normal part of life 193.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [193] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAnxiety has been proposed as a possible mediator of sex differences in pain sensitivity.
“has been suggested as a potential mediator of sex differences in pain sensitivity 208.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [208]
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationUsing the Gender Role Expectation of Pain questionnaire, Robinson and colleagues found that women were considered more sensitive to pain, less enduring of pain, and more willing to report pain than men.
“Using the Gender Role Expectation of Pain (GREP) questionnaire, Robinson and colleagues found that women were considered more sensitive to pain, less enduring of pain, and more willing to report pain compared to men 194, 198, 200.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationA recent study found that males endorsing more masculine gender traits are more likely to participate in pain studies, which may help explain sex differences in pain responses.
“a recent study demonstrated that males endorsing greater masculine gender traits are more likely to participate pain studies, offering a potential explanation for sex differences in pain responses 199.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [199] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationMigraine and temporomandibular disorders have similar prevalence in prepubescent males and females, with differences emerging after puberty.
“studies demonstrating similar prevalence across prepubescent males and females for conditions such as migraine and temporomandibular disorders with differences in prevalence emerging after puberty 149, 182–184.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSex differences in pain threshold became non-significant after controlling for willingness to report pain, and sex differences in temporal summation of heat pain were partially mediated by willingness to report pain.
“sex differences in pain threshold were no longer significant after controlling for willingness to report pain and sex differences in temporal summation of heat pain was partially mediated by willingness to report pain 200.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [200]
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Interpretationnone givenIt is currently unclear whether depression mediates sex differences in pain perception.
“However, it remains unclear whether depression mediates the sex differences in pain perception.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationAnxiety is positively correlated with pain sensitivity in males but not in females.
“several studies have shown that anxiety is positively correlated with pain sensitivity among males, but not females 211, 212”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationDepression is highly comorbid with pain and is more prevalent in women than in men.
“Depression, which is highly comorbid with pain, is also more prevalent in women than men; among individuals with depression, women are more likely to report pain complaints than men 213, 214”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [213] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [214]
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationBlack individuals are more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to have hypertension and show cardiovascular reactivity to pain.
“Black individuals are more prone than non-Hispanic Whites to experience hypertension and show cardiovascular reactivity to pain, which may, in turn, influence their pain perception 230.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [230] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAbout 20% of people with chronic pain have depression, compared with less than 7% of the general population, and this pattern is found worldwide.
“Approximately 20% of individuals with chronic pain also have depression, while less than 7% of the general population experiences this disorder, and these findings hold not just for the U.S. but around the world 231–235.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationAsian Americans report greater daily joint pain intensity than non-Hispanic whites and show enhanced sensitivity to thermal and mechanical pain stimuli in the laboratory.
“Similar findings have been noted for Asian Americans, who report a greater intensity of daily joint pain than non-Hispanic whites, and who demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to thermal and mechanical pain stimuli applied in a laboratory setting 225, 226.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationBlack patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling.
“Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationPain-specific factors such as appraisals, expectations, and coping are related to pain sensitivity and may influence race differences in pain experience.
“Beyond psychological distress, pain-specific factors such as appraisals, expectations, and coping are also related to pain sensitivity and may influence the race differences observed in the pain experience.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationAmong African-American samples, greater perceived daily racial discrimination is associated with higher rates of chronic pain and greater laboratory pain sensitivity.
“Multiple published studies have suggested that a greater degree of perceived daily racial discrimination is associated with elevated rates of chronic pain and enhanced sensitivity to pain in the laboratory among samples of African-American participants 252–254.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationDepression and anxiety are linked to chronic pain and increased pain sensitivity.
“An abundance of evidence links depression and anxiety to chronic pain and increased pain sensitivity 11, 13, 32, 41.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationBlack individuals are frequently exposed to racism, in addition to socioeconomic strain linked to minority status.
“In addition to the socioeconomic strain often associated with minority status, Black individuals are frequently exposed to racism 248–250.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationBlacks are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report depression and anxiety, but Major Depressive Disorder is more chronic among Black individuals than Caucasians.
“Although Blacks are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report experiencing depression and anxiety, the chronicity of Major Depressive Disorder is higher among Black individuals than Caucasians, and Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationDuring experimental pain tasks, Black individuals have lower pain tolerance and report higher pain intensity and unpleasantness than non-Hispanic Whites.
“Black individuals demonstrate a lower tolerance and report higher pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings than non-Hispanic Whites during experimental pain tasks 162, 221–224”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted).
InterpretationreasoningSociocultural factors that cause chronic stress may be especially relevant for Black individuals.
“Another hypothesis relates to sociocultural factors that cause chronic stress, especially in Black individuals.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationCatastrophizing is associated with higher pain levels, poorer physical functioning and disability, and increased pain interference.
“catastrophizing is associated with higher pain levels, poorer physical functioning and disability, and increased pain interference 13, 32, 278, 279.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationHoping and praying is correlated with higher disability, more pain interference, and greater pain severity.
“Likewise, hoping and praying is also correlated with higher levels of disability, more pain interference, and increased pain severity 280–283.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationRecent evidence suggests that catastrophizing may be the main psychosocial driver of persistent pain symptoms, statistically mediating the prospective influence of factors such as anxiety on post-operative pain outcomes.
“recent evidence suggests that catastrophizing may be the principal psychosocial driver of persistent pain symptoms, statistically mediating the prospective influence of factors such as anxiety on post-operative pain outcomes 302.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [302] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationActive coping strategies are linked to positive affect, better psychological adjustment, and decreased depression.
“Active coping strategies, for example, have been linked to positive affect, better psychological adjustment, and decreased depression while passive strategies are linked to poorer outcomes such as increased pain and depression 258, 267–270.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationDifferences in pain coping are associated with differences in pain intensity, adjustment to chronic pain, and psychological and physical functioning.
“Differences in pain coping are associated with differences in pain intensity, adjustment to chronic pain, and psychological and physical functioning 85, 263–266.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationCatastrophizing is a risk factor for developing chronic pain, pain-related disability, increased healthcare costs, and increased pain sensitivity in low back pain and joint pain.
“Further, catastrophizing is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain, pain-related disability, increased healthcare costs, and increased pain sensitivity for low back pain and joint pain 13.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [13] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationVlaeyen and colleagues suggest that avoidance behavior persists because of certain beliefs, such as catastrophic cognitions.
“Vlaeyen and colleagues suggest that avoidance behavior persists due to certain beliefs, such as catastrophic cognitions 25, 337, 338.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPain-related expectations influence the experience of pain and treatment outcomes.
“Pain-related expectations also influence the experience of pain as well as treatment outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationBoth solicitous and punishing responses to pain are associated with higher pain intensity and increased depressive symptoms.
“both solicitous and punishing responses to pain are associated with higher pain intensity 108 and increased depressive symptoms 106, 340, suggesting these social factors may be a mechanism by which catastrophizing affects pain outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationGeneralized positive outcome expectancy, or dispositional optimism, is related to increased feelings of control, use of more active coping strategies, and better functional performance.
“Generalized positive outcome expectancy, or dispositional optimism 348–350, is related to increased feelings of control, the use of more active coping strategies, and better functional performance 91, 351–353.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 7 sources checked- cites [348] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [349] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [350] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [91] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [351] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [352] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [353] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAssociations have been observed between catastrophizing and perceived solicitous responses, perceived instrumental support, and perceived critical responses to pain.
“associations between catastrophizing and perceived solicitous responses 339, 340, 343, perceived instrumental support 103, and perceived critical responses to pain 106 have been observed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationExpectations are related to overall well-being and the development of chronic pain and are a critical component of responses to both placebo and active treatments.
“Expectations are related to overall well-being and the development of chronic pain and are also a critical component of responses to treatment for both placebo and active treatments 346,347.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn a recent analysis of large acupuncture trials, both patient and provider expectations for treatment success were strong predictors of response, with better pre-treatment expectations predicting improved post-treatment pain and physical functioning.
“in a recent analysis of large acupuncture trials revealed that both patient and provider expectations for treatment success were strong predictors of response, with better pretreatment expectations predicting improved post-treatment pain and physical functioning 362, 364.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn adults and children with chronic headaches, pain-related self-efficacy is associated with less disability, better functioning, and fewer depressive symptoms.
“In samples of adults and children with chronic headaches, pain-related self-efficacy is associated with less disability, better functioning, and fewer depressive symptoms 370, 371.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSelf-efficacy determines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in stressful situations and affects one's ability to cope successfully with challenges.
“Self-efficacy, or an individual’s belief in his ability to perform a behavior or achieve a desired outcome 26, 273, determines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in stressful situations and affects one’s ability to cope successfully when confronted with challenges 367, 368.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPain-related self-efficacy is a protective factor for patients with persistent pain and a resiliency factor for children, adolescents, and adults with chronic pain.
“Pain-related self-efficacy, a protective factor for patients with persistent pain and a resiliency factorfor children, adolescents, and adults with chronic pain 270, predicts functional pain outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [270] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationVariability in catastrophizing is associated with individual differences in functional brain response to various stimuli and with potential alterations in brain morphology.
“A growing number of neuroimaging studies have suggested that variability in catastrophizing is associated with individual differences in the functional brain response to a variety of stimuli, as well as potential alterations in brain morphology 359, 384, 387, 389–395.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationMBSR has similar effects on self-efficacy to CBT, with no significant differences between CBT and MBSR in improving self-efficacy.
“Likewise, Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has similar effects on self-efficacy, with no significant differences between CBT and MBSR in their effect on improving self-efficacy 376”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [376] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningPsychological and social factors are not solely secondary reactions to persistent pain; they form an interactive complex of biopsychosocial processes that characterizes chronic pain.
“it is important to acknowledge that psychological and social factors are not solely secondary reactions to persistent pain; rather, they form an interactive complex of biopsychosocial processes that characterizes chronic pain.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn patients with chronic low back pain, amygdala connectivity with central executive network structures was exaggerated and abnormal, and this connectivity was greatest in patients with the highest pain catastrophizing.
“A study in patients with chronic low back pain reported that patients had exaggerated and abnormal amygdala connectivity with central executive network structures, and this connectivity was most exaggerated in patients with the greatest pain catastrophizing 385.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [385] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenThe context in which individuals live also has an important role.
“Moreover, the context in which individuals reside will also have an important role.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationNegative affective responses to pain and pain-related catastrophizing are as prominent in adolescent patients.
“negative affective responses to pain, and pain-related catastrophizing are as prominent in adolescent patients 400–402”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn patients with fibromyalgia, connectivity between periaqueductal gray and prefrontal regions was reduced, and patients highest in catastrophizing showed the highest anti-correlation between these regions.
“a very recent study in patients with fibromyalgia reported reduced connectivity between periaqueductal gray (a critical hub for pain-inhibitory circuits) and prefrontal regions, and the patients highest in catastrophizing showed the highest degree of anti-correlation between these regions 395.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [395] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningBecause chronic pain persists over time, cognition, emotion, and behavior each affect the experience and reporting of pain and related symptoms.
“Since chronic pain persists overtime, each of these areas will, in turn, affect the experience and reporting of pain and related symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
Race has a significant role in how pain develops and is experienced.
“Race, which plays an important role in the development and experience of pain, should always be considered when assessing psychosocial factors related to pain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The existing pain literature has mostly studied differences between Black and White individuals.
“Although there is considerable racial diversity throughout the United States, the current pain literature has primarily examined race differences between Black and White individuals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Racial minority groups are often combined in research, which restricts the conclusions that can be made.
“Further, racial minority groups are frequently grouped together (e.g. non-White, Asian/other) in the literature, limiting any conclusions that otherwise could be drawn.”
The paper relies on this without support.
How a person appraises pain can affect their pain-related responses.
“Such pain appraisals can, in turn, impact pain related responses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
People with chronic pain may avoid everyday activities that make their pain worse.
“Individuals with chronic pain may avoid daily activities that increase pain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
If avoidance continues past the normal healing period, physical deconditioning can cause more pain and discomfort during later activities.
“However, when this avoidance occurs beyond the expected healing time for an injury, they may experience physical deconditioning which leads to increased pain and discomfort when performing future activities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Deconditioning and worse pain then lead to more avoidance.
“The deconditioning and worsened pain then results in increased avoidance.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Behavioral interventions based on the biopsychosocial theory of pain and targeting psychosocial factors may be especially suitable for reducing persistent post-surgical pain in breast cancer survivors.
“Behavioral intervention strategies that are grounded in the biopsychosocial theory of pain7, and target psychosocial factors thought to contribute to persistent pain in interaction with underlying central neurobiological processing and peripheral afferent inputs6, 8–11, may be especially well suited to ameliorate PSP among breast cancer suvivors6, 8.”
From Improving well-being for individuals with persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ, or ductal carcinoma in situ: A randomized clinical trial (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction supports targeting psychosocial factors within a biopsychosocial approach to persistent pain. The Social/Interpersonal Factors section reports an association between social support and less postoperative pain after breast-cancer surgery, but it does not establish that behavioral interventions are especially suited to reducing persistent postsurgical pain in breast cancer survivors. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe increased anxiety symptoms observed in adults with HSD and hEDS align with the anxiety seen in other chronic pain populations, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
“The increased anxiety symptoms observed in adults with HSD and hEDS align with the anxiety seen in other chronic pain populations, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis.65, 66, 67, 68”
From Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
The Affective Factors section (page not provided) reports elevated anxiety-related negative affect in chronic pain patients relative to pain-free controls, supporting the general comparison. The paper does not establish anxiety symptoms specifically in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; its rheumatoid arthritis example in Social/Interpersonal Factors concerns spouses’ depressive symptoms. The HSD/hEDS observation is the citing authors’ own finding, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChronic pain is a complex phenomenon that includes psychological and social components in addition to biological components (bio-psycho-social model).
“But chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that includes psychological and social components in addition to biological components (bio-psycho-social model).[2]”
From Mindfulness influences the psycho-social dimension of chronic pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial in Indian context (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Cites
Eysenck, H. J. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90087-7 · Cited by 32,026 · see citing works
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833 · see citing works
Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310 · Cited by 18,093 · see citing works
The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine
Engel, G. L. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.847460 · Cited by 12,887 · see citing works
Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267 · Cited by 11,679 · see citing works
Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267 · Cited by 11,507 · see citing works
Human agency in social cognitive theory.
Bandura, A. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.9.1175 · Cited by 8,263 · see citing works
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227 · see citing works
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063 · Cited by 7,456 · see citing works
Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain
Woolf, C. J. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030 · Cited by 4,771 · see citing works
Depression and Pain Comorbidity: A Literature Review
Bair, M. J., Robinson, R. L., Katon, W., & Kroenke, K. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433 · Cited by 3,463 · see citing works
The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions.
Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581 · Cited by 3,392 · cited 1× · see citing works
“tioning for individuals with pain conditions (Turk et al., 2016; Leonard et al., 2006; Gatchel et al., 2007; Helmhout et al., 2010).”
Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review
Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.3.438 · Cited by 3,355 · see citing works
Langlois, J., Rutland-Brown, W., & Thomas, K. (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e721222007-001 · Cited by 3,003 · see citing works
Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20593 · Cited by 2,955 · cited 1× · see citing works
“nitions, and behaviors rather than reducing negative ones (Sin and Lyubomirsky, 2009).”
Racial/Ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies
Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.2.200 · Cited by 2,634 · see citing works
Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain
Sullivan, M. J. L., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L. A., & Lefebvre, J. C. (2001) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200103000-00008 · Cited by 2,472 · see citing works
Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Kole-Snijders, A. M. J., Boeren, R. G. B., & van Eek, H. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-n · Cited by 2,446 · see citing works
Rosenstiel, A. K., & Keefe, F. J. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90125-2 · Cited by 2,314 · see citing works
Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings
Bartley, E. J., & Fillingim, R. B. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet127 · Cited by 2,168 · see citing works
Coping as a mediator of emotion
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466 · Cited by 2,103 · see citing works
Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury
Menon, D. K., Schwab, K., Wright, D. W., & Maas, A. I. (2010) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.05.017 · Cited by 1,678 · see citing works
Pincus, T., Burton, A. K., Vogel, S., & Field, A. P. (2002) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200203010-00017 · Cited by 1,633 · see citing works
Gender variations in clinical pain experience
Unruh, A. M. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00214-6 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Race, socioeconomic status, and health. The added effects of racism and discrimination
WILLIAMS, D. R. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x · Cited by 1,522 · see citing works
Chronic back pain is associated with decreased prefrontal and thalamic gray matter density
Apkarian, A. V., Sosa, Y., Sonty, S., Levy, R. M., Harden, R. N., Parrish, T. B., & Gitelman, D. R. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2541-04.2004 · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Pain catastrophizing: a critical review.
Quartana, P. J., Campbell, C. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.34 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, D. R., González, H. M., Neighbors, H. W., Nesse, R. M., Abelson, J. M., Sweetman, J., & Jackson, J. S. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.305 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Fear-avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 years on
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Linton, S. J. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.009 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain
Green, C. R., Anderson, K. O., Baker, T. A., Campbell, L. C., Decker, S., Fillingim, R. B., Kaloukalani, D. A., Lasch, K. E., Myers, C., Tait, R. C., et al. (2003) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
Sex differences in the perception of noxious experimental stimuli: a meta-analysis
Riley, J. L., Robinson, M. E., Wise, E. A., Myers, C. D., & Fillingim, R. B. (1998) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00199-1 · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
Predictors of Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Ip, H. Y. V., Abrishami, A., Peng, P. W. H., Wong, J., & Chung, F. (2009) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181aae87a · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report
Greenspan, J. D., Craft, R. M., LeResche, L., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Berkley, K. J., Fillingim, R. B., Gold, M. S., Holdcroft, A., Lautenbacher, S., Mayer, E. A., et al. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.014 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain: The Next Generation
Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Van Damme, S., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Karoly, P. (2012) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3182385392 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
The role of psychosocial processes in the development and maintenance of chronic pain
Edwards, R. R., Dworkin, R. H., Sullivan, M. D., Turk, D. C., & Wasan, A. D. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.01.001 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Self-citationRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Pain: Causes and Consequences of Unequal Care
Anderson, K. O., Green, C. R., & Payne, R. (2009) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.002 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia
Gracely, R. H. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh098 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans
Mays, V. M., Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190212 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Behavioral Methods for Chronic Pain and Illness
Quimby, C. W. (1976) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-197610000-00030 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Interdisciplinary chronic pain management: Past, present, and future.
Gatchel, R. J., McGeary, D. D., McGeary, C. A., & Lippe, B. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0035514 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Coping with chronic pain: a critical review of the literature
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., Romano, J. M., & Karoly, P. (1991) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(91)90216-k · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Somatic symptom reporting in women and men
Barsky, A. J., Peekna, H. M., & Borus, J. F. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016004266.x · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Bingel, U., Wanigasekera, V., Wiech, K., Ni Mhuircheartaigh, R., Lee, M. C., Ploner, M., & Tracey, I. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001244 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Williams, Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Benedetti, F., Pollo, A., Lopiano, L., Lanotte, M., Vighetti, S., & Rainero, I. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-10-04315.2003 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Wright, M. O., Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_2 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Understanding the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: state-of-the-art
Asmundson, G. J. G., & Katz, J. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20600 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
The subjective experience of pain: where expectations become reality
Koyama, T., McHaffie, J. G., Laurienti, P. J., & Coghill, R. C. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408576102 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Yarnitsky, D. (2010) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0b013e32833c348b · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Keefe, F. J., Lefebvre, J. C., Egert, J. R., Affleck, G., Sullivan, M. J., & Caldwell, D. S. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00296-7 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Nicholas, M. K., Linton, S. J., Watson, P. J., & Main, C. J. (2011) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20100224 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Prevalence of Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Nampiaparampil, D. E. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.6.711 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and comorbid medical illness
Roy-Byrne, P. P., Davidson, K. W., Kessler, R. C., Asmundson, G. J. G., Goodwin, R. D., Kubzansky, L., Lydiard, R. B., Massie, M. J., Katon, W., Laden, S. K., et al. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.12.006 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Theunissen, M., Peters, M. L., Bruce, J., Gramke, H.-F., & Marcus, M. A. (2012) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31824549d6 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Hall, A. M., Ferreira, P. H., Maher, C. G., Latimer, J., & Ferreira, M. L. (2010) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20090245 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Smeets, R. J. E. M., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Kester, A. D. M., & Knottnerus, J. A. (2006) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2005.10.011 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness for chronic pain: Model, process, and progress.
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0035623 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Severeijns, R., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., van den Hout, M. A., & Weber, W. E. J. (2001) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200106000-00009 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Migraine in the United States: Epidemiology and patterns of health care use
Lipton, R. B., Scher, A. I., Kolodner, K., Liberman, J., Steiner, T. J., & Stewart, W. F. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.6.885 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts, R., Lee, S., Posada-Villa, J., Kovess, V., Angermeyer, M. C., Levinson, D., de Girolamo, G., Nakane, H., Mneimneh, Z., et al. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.022 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Pain, catastrophizing, and depression in the rheumatic diseases
Edwards, R. R., Cahalan, C., Mensing, G., Smith, M., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2011.2 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictors of persistent pain after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lewis, G. N., Rice, D. A., McNair, P. J., & Kluger, M. (2015) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeu441 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Psychological Trauma and Functional Somatic Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Afari, N., Ahumada, S. M., Wright, L. J., Mostoufi, S., Golnari, G., Reis, V., & Cuneo, J. G. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000010 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Gender differences in the reporting of physical and somatoform symptoms
Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199803000-00006 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Sex-related hormonal influences on pain and analgesic responses
Fillingim, R. B., & Ness, T. J. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00017-8 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Functional reorganization of the default mode network across chronic pain conditions
Baliki, M. N., Mansour, A. R., Baria, A. T., & Apkarian, A. V. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106133 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Turner, J. A., Holtzman, S., & Mancl, L. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.005 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Psychological factors associated with development of TMD: the OPPERA prospective cohort study
Fillingim, R. B., Ohrbach, R., Greenspan, J. D., Knott, C., Diatchenko, L., Dubner, R., Bair, E., Baraian, C., Mack, N., Slade, G. D., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.06.009 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Lee, H., Hübscher, M., Moseley, G. L., Kamper, S. J., Traeger, A. C., Mansell, G., & McAuley, J. H. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000146 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Catastrophizing and pain in arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other rheumatic diseases
Edwards, R. R., Bingham, C. O., Bathon, J. M., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2006) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.21865 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients
Loggia, M. L., Chonde, D. B., Akeju, O., Arabasz, G., Catana, C., Edwards, R. R., Hill, E., Hsu, S., Izquierdo-Garcia, D., Ji, R.-R., et al. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu377 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic review of resilience in the physically ill
Stewart, D. E., & Yuen, T. (2011) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2011.01.036 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Sex, gender, and pain: women and men really are different
Fillingim, R. B. (2000) · Current Review of Pain · doi:10.1007/s11916-000-0006-6 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Psychological factors affecting the outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Vissers, M. M., Bussmann, J. B., Verhaar, J. A. N., Busschbach, J. J. V., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M. A., & Reijman, M. (2012) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.07.003 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Attachment figures activate a safety signal-related neural region and reduce pain experience
Eisenberger, N. I., Master, S. L., Inagaki, T. K., Taylor, S. E., Shirinyan, D., Lieberman, M. D., & Naliboff, B. D. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1108239108 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Placebos and painkillers: is mind as real as matter?
Colloca, L., & Benedetti, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1705 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Gender differences in depression: Findings from the STAR*D study
Marcus, S. M., Young, E. A., Kerber, K. B., Kornstein, S., Farabaugh, A. H., Mitchell, J., Wisniewski, S. R., Balasubramani, G. K., Trivedi, M. H., & Rush, A. J. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.09.008 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Racine, M., Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., Kloda, L. A., Dion, D., Dupuis, G., & Choinière, M. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.026 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Family and parent influences on pediatric chronic pain: a developmental perspective
Palermo, T. M., Valrie, C. R., & Karlson, C. W. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0035216 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Gender role expectations of pain: relationship to sex differences in pain
Robinson, M. E., Riley, J. L., Myers, C. D., Papas, R. K., Wise, E. A., Waxenberg, L. B., & Fillingim, R. B. (2001) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1054/jpai.2001.24551 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Review and meta-analysis of couple-oriented interventions for chronic illness
Martire, L. M., Schulz, R., Helgeson, V. S., Small, B. J., & Saghafi, E. M. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9216-2 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Changes in temporomandibular pain and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle
LeResche, L., Mancl, L., Sherman, J. J., Gandara, B., & Dworkin, S. F. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.06.001 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Preoperative Pain Catastrophizing Predicts Pain Outcome after Knee Arthroplasty
Riddle, D. L., Wade, J. B., Jiranek, W. A., & Kong, X. (2009) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-009-0963-y · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Lerman, S. F., Rudich, Z., Brill, S., Shalev, H., & Shahar, G. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000158 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Kalauokalani, D., Cherkin, D. C., Sherman, K. J., Koepsell, T. D., & Deyo, R. A. (2001) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200107010-00005 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing
Seminowicz, D. A., & Davis, K. D. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.11.008 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is systematically higher in women than in men
Wijnhoven, H. A. H., de Vet, H. C. W., & Picavet, H. S. J. (2006) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210912.95664.53 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Patient phenotyping in clinical trials of chronic pain treatments: IMMPACT recommendations
Edwards, R. R., Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Angst, M. S., Dionne, R., Freeman, R., Hansson, P., Haroutounian, S., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Attal, N., et al. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000602 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationRollman, G. B. (1995) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(11)80026-7 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Kucyi, A., Moayedi, M., Weissman-Fogel, I., Goldberg, M. B., Freeman, B. V., Tenenbaum, H. C., & Davis, K. D. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5055-13.2014 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Operant conditioning in the treatment of chronic pain
&NA;, &. (1975) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(75)90020-2 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Leeuw, M., Goossens, M. E. J. B., van Breukelen, G. J. P., de Jong, J. R., Heuts, P. H. T. G., Smeets, R. J. E. M., Köke, A. J. A., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.12.009 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Exploring the convergence of posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury
Stein, M. B., & McAllister, T. W. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08101604 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Bingefors, K., & Isacson, D. (2004) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.01.005 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Use of exogenous hormones and risk of temporomandibular disorder pain
LeResche, L., Saunders, K., Von Korff, M. R., Barlow, W., & Dworkin, S. F. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03230-7 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Handbook of Resilience in Children
Goldstein, S., & Brooks, R. B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Granot, M., Weissman-Fogel, I., Crispel, Y., Pud, D., Granovsky, Y., Sprecher, E., & Yarnitsky, D. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.029 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Strategies for coping with chronic low back pain: Relationship to pain and disability
Turner, J. A., & Clancy, S. (1986) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(86)90121-1 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Banks, K. H., Kohn-Wood, L. P., & Spencer, M. (2006) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-006-9052-9 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
μ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Antinociceptive Responses Differ in Men and Women
Zubieta, J.-K., Smith, Y. R., Bueller, J. A., Xu, Y., Kilbourn, M. R., Jewett, D. M., Meyer, C. R., Koeppe, R. A., & Stohler, C. S. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-12-05100.2002 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Pain vulnerability: a neurobiological perspective
Denk, F., McMahon, S. B., & Tracey, I. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3628 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Catastrophizing-a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with low back pain: a systematic review
Wertli, M. M., Eugster, R., Held, U., Steurer, J., Kofmehl, R., & Weiser, S. (2014) · The Spine Journal · doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2014.03.003 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Gender role expectations of pain: relationship to experimental pain perception
Wise, E. A., Price, D. D., Myers, C. D., Heft, M. W., & Robinson, M. E. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00473-0 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Defining racial and ethnic disparities in pain management
Mossey, J. M. (2011) · Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-011-1770-9 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Assessment of Psychosocial and Functional Impact of Chronic Pain
Turk, D. C., Fillingim, R. B., Ohrbach, R., & Patel, K. V. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.006 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
The Behavioral Management of Anxiety, Depression and Pain
Weiss, T. (1977) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.134.8.945-a · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Keltner, J. R., Furst, A., Fan, C., Redfern, R., Inglis, B., & Fields, H. L. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4463-05.2006 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Racial discrimination, John Henryism, and depression among African Americans
Hudson, D. L., Neighbors, H. W., Geronimus, A. T., & Jackson, J. S. (2016) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798414567757 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Gureje, O., Von Korff, M., Kola, L., Demyttenaere, K., He, Y., Posada-Villa, J., Lepine, J. P., Angermeyer, M. C., Levinson, D., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.005 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Race, Ethnicity, and Pain among the U.S. Adult Population
Shavers, V. L., Bakos, A., & Sheppard, V. B. (2010) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0255 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Paulson, P. E., Minoshima, S., Morrow, T. J., & Casey, K. L. (1998) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00048-7 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Acceptance and change in the context of chronic pain
McCracken, L. M., Carson, J. W., Eccleston, C., & Keefe, F. J. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.006 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Rabbitts, J. A., Fisher, E., Rosenbloom, B. N., & Palermo, T. M. (2017) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.007 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Structural and functional brain abnormalities in chronic low back pain: a systematic review
Kregel, J., Meeus, M., Malfliet, A., Dolphens, M., Danneels, L., Nijs, J., & Cagnie, B. (2015) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.05.002 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Costal, L. D. C. M., Maherl, C. G., McAuleyl, J. H., Hancockl, M. J., & Smeetsl, R. J. E. M. (2011) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.06.014 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Control beliefs, coping efforts, and adjustment to chronic pain.
Jensen, M. P., & Karoly, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.3.431 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Control beliefs, coping efforts, and adjustment to chronic pain
Jensen, M. P., & Karoly, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.3.431 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Operant conditioning in the treatment of chronic pain.
Fordyce, W. E., Fowler, R. S., Lehmann, J. F., deLateur, B. J., Sand, P. L., & Trieschmann, R. B. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Rahim-Williams, B., Riley, J. L., Williams, A. K. K., & Fillingim, R. B. (2012) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01336.x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Common brain mechanisms of chronic pain and addiction
Elman, I., & Borsook, D. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.027 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Ethnic differences in responses to multiple experimental pain stimuli
Campbell, C. M., Edwards, R. R., & Fillingim, R. B. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.08.013 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationOne-and Two-Item Measures of Pain Beliefs and Coping Strategies
Jensen, M. P., Keefe, F. J., Lefebvre, J. C., Romano, J. M., & Turner, J. A. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00076-9 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Jensen, M. P., Moore, M. R., Bockow, T. B., Ehde, D. M., & Engel, J. M. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.09.021 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Creamer, P., Lethbridge‐Çejku, M., & Hochberg, M. C. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Abnormal endogenous pain modulation is a shared characteristic of many chronic pain conditions
Staud, R. (2012) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.12.41 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Sex differences in temporal summation but not sensory-discriminative processing of thermal pain
Fillingim, R. B., Maixner, W., Kincaid, S., & Silva, S. (1998) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00214-5 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Jones, G. T., Power, C., & Macfarlane, G. J. (2009) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.02.003 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Keefe, F. J., Blumenthal, J., Baucom, D., Affleck, G., Waugh, R., Caldwell, D. S., Beaupre, P., Kashikar-Zuck, S., Wright, K., Egert, J., et al. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.03.022 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Pain and Pain Behavior: The Role of Catastrophizing
Sullivan, M. J. L., Tripp, D. A., & Santor, D. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005459110063 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
van Wijk, G., & Veldhuijzen, D. S. (2010) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.009 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Turner, J. A., Anderson, M. L., Balderson, B. H., Cook, A. J., Sherman, K. J., & Cherkin, D. C. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000635 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Turner, J. A., Mancl, L., & Aaron, L. A. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.11.017 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Burke, N. N., Finn, D. P., McGuire, B. E., & Roche, M. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23802 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients
Snow-Turek, L. A., Norris, M. P., & Tan, G. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00190-5 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Marcus, S. M., Kerber, K. B., Rush, A. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A., Balasubramani, G. K., Ritz, L., Kornstein, S., Young, E. A., & Trivedi, M. H. (2008) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.06.012 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Childhood Abuse and Later Medical Disorders in Women
Romans, S., Belaise, C., Martin, J., Morris, E., & Raffi, A. (2002) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000056281 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The perception of pain in others: how gender, race, and age influence pain expectations
Wandner, L. D., Scipio, C. D., Hirsh, A. T., Torres, C. A., & Robinson, M. E. (2012) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.10.014 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Psychosocial predictors of long-term adjustment to lower-limb amputation and phantom limb pain
Hanley, M. A., Jensen, M. P., Ehde, D. M., Hoffman, A. J., Patterson, D. R., & Robinson, L. R. (2004) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280410001708896 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Ethnic identity predicts experimental pain sensitivity in African Americans and Hispanics
Rahim-Williams, B., Riley, J. L., Herrera, D. G., Campbell, C. M., Hastie, B. A., & Fillingim, R. B. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.12.016 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Edwards, R. R., Moric, M., Husfeldt, B., Buvanendran, A., & Ivankovich, O. (2005) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05007.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationBruce, J., Thornton, A. J., Powell, R., Johnston, M., Wells, M., Heys, S. D., Thompson, A. M., Smith, C. W., Chambers, A. W., & Scott, N. W. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.028 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Fibromyalgia and related conditions
Clauw, D. J. (2015) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.03.014 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Leonard, M. T., Cano, A., & Johansen, A. B. (2006) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.442 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Burns, J. W., Kubilus, A., Bruehl, S., Harden, R. N., & Lofland, K. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.1.81 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Fillingim, R. B. (2017) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803506-1.00038-3 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The Coping Strategies Questionnaire: A Large Sample, Item Level Factor Analysis
Robinson, M. E., Riley, J. L., Myers, C. D., Sadler, I. J., Kvaal, S. A., Geisser, M. E., & Keefe, F. J. (1997) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199703000-00007 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Vowles, K. E., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2007) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.12.007 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Gil, K. M., Williams, D. A., Thompson, R. J., & Kinney, T. R. (1991) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/16.5.643 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Edwards, R. R., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Sullivan, M. J., & Fillingim, R. B. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.07.012 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationPain coping strategies and depression in rheumatoid arthritis.
Brown, G. K., Nicassio, P. M., & Wallston, K. A. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.5.652 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Pain coping strategies and depression in rheumatoid arthritis
Brown, G. K., Nicassio, P. M., & Wallston, K. A. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.57.5.652 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
The phenotypic and genetic signatures of common musculoskeletal pain conditions
Diatchenko, L., Fillingim, R. B., Smith, S. B., & Maixner, W. (2013) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2013.43 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Cognitions, coping and social environment predict adjustment to phantom limb pain
Jensen, M. P., Ehde, D. M., Hoffman, A. J., Patterson, D. R., Czerniecki, J. M., & Robinson, L. R. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00390-6 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Does Gender Affect Appraisal of Pain and Pain Coping Strategies?
Unruh, A. M., Ritchie, J., & Merskey, H. (1999) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199903000-00006 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Perceived self-efficacy and headache-related disability
French, D. J., Holroyd, K. A., Pinell, C., Malinoski, P. T., O'donnell, F., & Hill, K. R. (2000) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.040008647.x · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Psychological functioning of people living with chronic pain: a meta-analytic review
Burke, A. L. J., Mathias, J. L., & Denson, L. A. (2015) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12078 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Chronic pain: The role of learning and brain plasticity
Mansour, A. R., Farmer, M., Baliki, M. N., & Apkarian, A. V. (2014) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-139003 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Noncancer pain conditions and risk of suicide
Ilgen, M. A., Kleinberg, F., Ignacio, R. V., Bohnert, A. S. B., Valenstein, M., McCarthy, J. F., Blow, F. C., & Katz, I. R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.908 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Gender differences in pain ratings and pupil reactions to painful pressure stimuli
Ellermeier, W., & Westphal, W. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00203-q · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Anema, J. R., Schellart, A. J. M., Cassidy, J. D., Loisel, P., Veerman, T. J., & van der Beek, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-009-9202-3 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Do psychological variables affect early surgical recovery?
Mavros, M. N., Athanasiou, S., Gkegkes, I. D., Polyzos, K. A., Peppas, G., & Falagas, M. E. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020306 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Macfarlane, G. J., Crombie, I. K., McBeth, J., & Silman, A. J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7314.662 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Edwards, R. R., Ness, T. J., Weigent, D. A., & Fillingim, R. B. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.09.005 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationAffective modulation of nociception at spinal and supraspinal levels
Rhudy, J. L., Williams, A. E., McCabe, K. M., Nguyê˜n, M. A. T. V., & Rambo, P. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00313.x · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Pain and analgesia: the value of salience circuits
Borsook, D., Edwards, R., Elman, I., Becerra, L., & Levine, J. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.02.003 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychosocial contributions to sex-correlated differences in pain
Myers, C. D., Riley, J. L., & Robinson, M. E. (2003) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200307000-00005 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Gadermann, A. M., Alonso, J., Vilagut, G., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21924 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Rethinking the fear avoidance model: toward a multidimensional framework of pain-related disability
Wideman, T. H., Asmundson, G. G. J., Smeets, R. J. E. M., Zautra, A. J., Simmonds, M. J., Sullivan, M. J. L., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Edwards, R. R. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.005 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationExplaining sex differences in chronic musculoskeletal pain in a general population
Wijnhoven, H. A. H., de Vet, H. C. W., & Picavet, S. J. H. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.012 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Scheier (1995) · doi:10.1097/00006842-199505000-00007 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Thorn, B. E., Pence, L. B., Ward, L. C., Kilgo, G., Clements, K. L., Cross, T. H., Davis, A. M., & Tsui, P. W. (2007) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.06.010 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Pain in ambulatory AIDS patients. I: pain characteristics and medical correlates
Breitbart, W., McDonald, M. V., Rosenfeld, B., Passik, S. D., Hewitt, D., Thaler, H., & Portenoy, R. K. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03215-0 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Kraaimaat, F. W., & Evers, A. W. M. (2003) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1004_5 · Cited by 202 · cited 1× · see citing works
“coping involves relinquishing control of pain to others (Obrist and Light, 1988; Snow-Turek et al., 1996; Kraaimaat and Evers, 2003).”
Keefe, F. J., Affleck, G., Lefebvre, J., Underwood, L., Caldwell, D. S., Drew, J., Egert, J., Gibson, J., & Pargament, K. (2001) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1054/jpai.2001.19296 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Optimism lowers pain: Evidence of the causal status and underlying mechanisms
Hanssen, M. M., Peters, M. L., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Meevissen, Y. M. C., & Vancleef, L. M. G. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.08.006 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The role of depression and catastrophizing in musculoskeletal pain
Lintonl, S. J., Nicholasl, M. K., MacDonaldl, S., Boersmal, K., Bergboml, S., Maherl, C., & Refshaugel, K. (2011) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.08.009 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Jensen, M. P., & Turk, D. C. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0035641 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Morley, S., Williams, A., & Hussain, S. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.025 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Influences of gender role and anxiety on sex differences in temporal summation of pain
Robinson, M. E., Wise, E. A., Gagnon, C., Fillingim, R. B., & Price, D. D. (2004) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2003.11.004 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Sex differences and personality factors in responsivity to pain
Otto, M. W., & Dougher, M. J. (1985) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1985.61.2.383 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Patient-physician discordance in assessments of global disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis
Barton, J. L., Imboden, J., Graf, J., Glidden, D., Yelin, E. H., & Schillinger, D. (2010) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.20132 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Psychosocial approaches to pain management: an organizational framework
Jensen, M. P. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.002 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Schreiber, K. L., Martel, M. O., Shnol, H., Shaffer, J. R., Greco, C., Viray, N., Taylor, L. N., McLaughlin, M., Brufsky, A., Ahrendt, G., et al. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.11.015 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationPielech, M., Ryan, M., Logan, D., Kaczynski, K., White, M. T., & Simons, L. E. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.035 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Hubbard, C. S., Khan, S. A., Keaser, M. L., Mathur, V. A., Goyal, M., & Seminowicz, D. A. (2014) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0006-14.2014 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
An experimental model to measure excitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms in humans
Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., Pagé, S., Goffaux, P., & Marchand, S. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.120 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Sullivan, M. J. L., Ward, L. C., Tripp, D., French, D. J., Adams, H., & Stanish, W. D. (2005) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-005-5944-7 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Müller, R., Gertz, K. J., Molton, I. R., Terrill, A. L., Bombardier, C. H., Ehde, D. M., & Jensen, M. P. (2016) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000225 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
de Rooij, M., van der Leeden, M., Heymans, M. W., Holla, J. F. M., Häkkinen, A., Lems, W. F., Roorda, L. D., Veenhof, C., Sanchez‐Ramirez, D. C., de Vet, H. C. W., et al. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22693 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
More data on major depression as an antecedent risk factor for first onset of chronic back pain
CURRIE, S. R., & WANG, J. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705004952 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Burns, J. W., Glenn, B., Bruehl, S., Harden, R. N., & Lofland, K. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00029-9 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Loeser, J. D. (2000) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200006001-00002 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Claar, R. L., Simons, L. E., & Logan, D. E. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.12.005 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
How the doctor's words affect the patient's brain
Benedetti, F. (2002) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278702238051 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Gender differences in temporal summation of mechanically evoked pain
Sarlani, E., & Greenspan, J. D. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00015-5 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Psychological correlates of acute postsurgical pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sobol‐Kwapinska, M., Bąbel, P., Plotek, W., & Stelcer, B. (2016) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.886 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Symptoms across the menstrual cycle in women with irritable bowel syndrome
Heitkemper, M. M., Cain, K. C., Jarrett, M. E., Burr, R. L., Hertig, V., & Bond, E. F. (2003) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07233.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Partner-guided cancer pain management at the end of life: a preliminary study
Keefe, F. J., Ahles, T. A., Sutton, L., Dalton, J., Baucom, D., Pope, M. S., Knowles, V., McKinstry, E., Furstenberg, C., Syrjala, K., et al. (2005) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.06.014 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
A comparison of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in men and women
France, C. R., & Suchowiecki, S. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00272-3 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Pagé, G., Campbell, F., Isaac, L., Stinson, J., & Katz, J. (2013) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s51055 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Fillingim, 1998, Sex differences in temporal summation but not sensory-discriminative processing of thermal pain, Pain, 75, 121, 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00214-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Novy, 1998, Coping with chronic pain: sources of intrinsic and contextual validity, J. Behav. Med., 21, 19, 10.1023/A:1018711420797 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances
Cohen, S. P., Vase, L., & Hooten, W. M. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00393-7 · Cited by 2,614 · see citing works
Applying a biopsychosocial model to migraine: rationale and clinical implications
Rosignoli, C., Ornello, R., Onofri, A., Caponnetto, V., Grazzi, L., Raggi, A., Leonardi, M., & Sacco, S. (2022) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-022-01471-3 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Associations between chronic pain, anxiety, and depression among adults in the United States
Mullins, P. M., Yong, R. J., & Bhattacharyya, N. (2023) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13220 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Murphy, J. L., Palyo, S. A., Schmidt, Z. S., Hollrah, L. N., Banou, E., Van Keuren, C. P., & Strigo, I. A. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa417 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain: Where Cells, Systems and Society Meet
Glare, P., Overton, S., & Aubrey, K. (2020) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2019-0039 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Grunberg, V. A., Mace, R. A., Bannon, S. M., Greenberg, J., Bakhshaie, J., & Vranceanu, A.-M. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.069 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Edwards-Callaway, L. N., Keller, K. P., Oselinsky, K., Johnstone, E., Cramer, C., Román-Muñiz, N., Stallones, L., & Coetzee, J. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1059224 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stalls, J. M., Bovbjerg, D. H., Somers, T. J., Plumb Vilardaga, J. C., Kimmick, G. G., McAuliffe, P. F., Keefe, F. J., Posluszny, D. M., Sullivan, M. J. L., Erkanli, A., et al. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106934 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pal, A., Mukhopadhyay, P., Biswas, R., & Bhattacharya, D. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_393_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[2] Neither the psycho-social factors are routinely assessed in hospitals/ clinics nor are they taken into account to improve treatment outcomes.”
Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review
van Die-de Vries, J. E., Rameckers, E., Calders, P., Engelbert, R. H., Ramaekers, S. P., Goossens, M. E., & Verbunt, J. A. (2025) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2025.100467 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“16,65,66,68,71,72 Consequently, the evaluation of psychosocial factors is incorporated into the diagnostic process for these populations.”
- Authors
- Meints, S. M., & Edwards, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meints, S.M.
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- Pt B
- Pages
- 168-182
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6067990
- OpenAlex
- W2789899473
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 411
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T32 AR055855)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- chronic pain, biopsychosocial model, psychosocial factors, pain catastrophizing, pain coping, distress, trauma, interpersonal factors, disability, pain maintenance
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Pain Measurement, Catastrophization, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
