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The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning—I
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“As a generalization of classical (crisp) set theory, the primary objective of fuzzy sets is to enable a mathematical representation of linguistic variables, allowing decision-makers to model systems characterized by partially known or incomplete information [48].”
From An Integrated AHP–Fuzzy AHP Evaluation Framework for Large Language Models in Software Engineering Education (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
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Research works printed but not linked: 35
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,010 of 1,010
Shen, F., Yang, Z., & Cai, D. (2021) · Complex · doi:10.1155/2021/5510627 · Cited by 11
“Zadeh [1] proposed fuzzy linguistics and the use of linguistic variables to represent decisionmaking.”
BackgroundA Hybrid Type-2 Fuzzy Performance Evaluation Model for Public Transport Services
Öztürk, F. (2021) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-021-05687-4 · Cited by 17
Faizi, S., Sałabun, W., Shaheen, N., Rehman, A. U., & Wątróbski, J. (2021) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math9131489 · Cited by 11
“Zadeh himself introduced linguistic variables in 1975 [34].”
BackgroundFosci, P., & Psaila, G. (2021) · Inf. · doi:10.3390/info12070258 · Cited by 11
“Brief Introduction to Fuzzy Sets In [6], Zadeh introduced the Fuzzy Set Theory.”
BackgroundMethodA Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Method With Heterogeneous Linguistic Expressions
Wu, X., Liao, H.-C., Lev, B., & Zavadskas, E. (2021) · IEEE transactions on engineering management · doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3072590 · Cited by 11
“1) Single-Valued Linguistic Terms: The fuzzy linguistic approach (FLA) is the simplest linguistic representation tool, which describes evaluations in single linguistic terms [3].”
BackgroundSharma, M., Dhiman, N., Mishra, L., Mishra, V., & Sahani, S. K. (2021) · doi:10.1155/2021/5530681 · Cited by 11
Xue, M., Fu, C., & Yang, S.-L. (2021) · Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making · doi:10.1007/s10700-021-09357-w · Cited by 11
“The linguistic variable was proposed by Zadeh (1975) in a linguistic term set S = { s − t , …, s -1 , s 0 , s 1 , …, s t }, where the linguistic terms are symmetrically arranged in ascending order satisfying s α > s β if α > β and negation operator Neg ( s α ) = s -α , where α , β ∈ {‒ t , …, t }.”
MethodHuang, J.-F., Jin, X., Lee, S.-J., Huang, S., & Jiang, Q. (2021) · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.3233/jifs-201763 · Cited by 11
“Definition 2.1 [31, 32] The definition of IFS α in universe of discourse U = { x 1 , x 2 , ..., x n } is represented as following: represents the membership degree of x i belonging to IFS α . ν α ( x i ) indicates the non-membership degree of x i belonging to IFS α .”
InfluentialPei, L.-D., Jin, F.-F., Langari, R., & Garg, H. (2021) · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.3233/jifs-200724 · Cited by 11
Jović, J. L., Domazet, D. S., Vesić, N. O., Ranđelović, B. M., & Simjanović, D. J. (2026) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math14101637 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Zadeh, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zadeh, L.A.
- Venue
- Information Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1975
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 199-249
- ISSN
- 0020-0255 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4245152641
- Cited by
- 12,187
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 309 · 2025: 516 · 2024: 569 · 2023: 707 · 2022: 682 · 2021: 746 · 2020: 693 · 2019: 759 · 2018: 655 · 2017: 598 · 2016: 551 · 2015: 546 · 2014: 484 · 2013: 437 · 2012: 367
- FWCI
- 13.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Information Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Army Research Office (DA-ARO-D-31-124-7 l-G1 74)
- National Science Foundation (GK-VP-610656X3)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Advanced Algebra and Logic
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Mathematical Control Systems and Analysis
- Keywords
- linguistic variables, approximate reasoning, fuzzy logic, compatibility function, hedges, linguistic truth values, nonlinear programming, human decision-making, fuzzy sets, artificial intelligence
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