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Cited by 198Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and TherapiesHealth disparities and outcomesMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation

Formal education as a marker for increased mortality and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis

Pincus, Theodore, Callahan, Leigh F.·1985·Journal of Chronic Diseases
DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(85)90095-5
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Abstract

Increased mortality and morbidity was seen in association with lower formal educational levels in 75 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients over 9 years. Nine of the 20 patients with 8 or fewer years of education had died, compared to 10 of 34 with 9-12 years of education, and only one of 21 with more than 12 years of education. Among survivors with functional capacity data available from baseline and 9 year review, declines greater than 20% were seen in 8 of 10, 13 of 21, and 9 of 19 patients in the three education categories. Overall, 79% of grade-school educated, 43% of high-school educated, and 20% of college-educated patients had either died or declined more than 50% in functional capacity. Patients of different formal educational levels were similar at baseline in age, duration of disease, measures of functional capacity, number of involved hand joints, number of severe radiographic changes, use of gold, oral corticosteroids or other therapies, and associations between formal educational level and disease course are not explained by these variables. Formal educational level appears a simple quantitative marker which identifies a surrogate or composite variable associated with increased mortality and morbidity in RA.

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  • Early death in rheumatoid arthritis has been linked to attainment of a lower level of formal education (lower number of years of schooling completed).

    “This problem has been linked to attainment of a lower level formal education (ie, lower number of years of schooling completed).92”

    From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [92]

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Authors
Pincus, T., & Callahan, L. F.
Affiliations
Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author
Pincus, Theodore
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Chronic Diseases
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1985-01
Volume
38
Issue
12
Pages
973-984
ISSN
0021-9681 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0021-9681(85)90095-5
OpenAlex
W2054433388
Cited by
198
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI
4.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Chronic Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (AM 22071)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Keywords
rheumatoid arthritis, educational attainment, mortality, functional capacity, disease severity, socioeconomic factors, health disparities
MeSH terms
Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Tennessee

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