The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Formal education as a marker for increased mortality and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract
Increased mortality and morbidity was seen in association with lower formal educational levels in 75 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients over 9 years. Nine of the 20 patients with 8 or fewer years of education had died, compared to 10 of 34 with 9-12 years of education, and only one of 21 with more than 12 years of education. Among survivors with functional capacity data available from baseline and 9 year review, declines greater than 20% were seen in 8 of 10, 13 of 21, and 9 of 19 patients in the three education categories. Overall, 79% of grade-school educated, 43% of high-school educated, and 20% of college-educated patients had either died or declined more than 50% in functional capacity. Patients of different formal educational levels were similar at baseline in age, duration of disease, measures of functional capacity, number of involved hand joints, number of severe radiographic changes, use of gold, oral corticosteroids or other therapies, and associations between formal educational level and disease course are not explained by these variables. Formal educational level appears a simple quantitative marker which identifies a surrogate or composite variable associated with increased mortality and morbidity in RA.
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“This problem has been linked to attainment of a lower level formal education (ie, lower number of years of schooling completed).92”
From Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science (2004) · cites this paper as [92]
Citations
Cites
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Psychosocial Influences on Mortality after Myocardial Infarction
Ruberman, W., Weinblatt, E., Goldberg, J. D., & Chaudhary, B. S. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198408303110902 · Cited by 979
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Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Allebeck, 1981, Increased mortality among persons with rheumatoid arthritis, but where RA does not appear on death certificate, J Rheum, 10, 301
- Vandenbroucke, 1984, Survival and cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis, J Rheum, 11, 158
- Cosh, 1984, Survival and death in rheumatoid arthritis, editorial, J Rheum, 11, 117
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383
Psychological aspects of persistent pain: Current state of the science
Keefe, F. J., Rumble, M. E., Scipio, C. D., Giordano, L. A., & Perri, L. M. (2004) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.02.576 · Cited by 954
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Gabriel, S. E. (2001) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70201-5 · Cited by 783
LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF TREATING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RESULTS AFTER 20 YEARS
Scott, D. L., Coulton, B., Symmons, D. P. M., & Popert, A. J. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91672-2 · Cited by 590
Kaplan, S. H., Gandek, B., Greenfield, S., Rogers, W., & Ware, J. E. (1995) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199512000-00002 · Cited by 580
Metadata
- Authors
- Pincus, T., & Callahan, L. F.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pincus, Theodore
- Venue
- Journal of Chronic Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1985-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 973-984
- ISSN
- 0021-9681 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054433388
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chronic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AM 22071)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- rheumatoid arthritis, educational attainment, mortality, functional capacity, disease severity, socioeconomic factors, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Tennessee
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