Failure to escape traumatic electric shock: Incompatible skeletal-motor responses or learned helplessness?
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Maier (1970) found that an escapable shock group for which shock offset was contingent on holding still easily learned to escape in the shuttlebox.
“Maier found that this escapable shock group easily learned to escape in the shuttlebox by jumping the barrier.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Maier (1970)
Cites
Failure to escape traumatic shock.
Seligman, M. E., & Maier, S. F. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024514 · Cited by 1,981 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 · Cited by 2,494 · see citing works
Self-citationThe development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment.
Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience.
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000033 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
“In one variant Maier (1970) found that the passivity was not a superstitiously acquired response.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLearned helplessness in the rat.
Seligman, M. E., & Beagley, G. (1975) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076430 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Control over a stressor involves the posterior dorsal striatum and the act/outcome circuit
Amat, J., Christianson, J. P., Aleksejev, R. M., Kim, J., Richeson, K. R., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12609 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Maier, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maier, Steven F.
- ORCID
- Maier, Steven F.
- Venue
- Learning and Motivation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1970-05
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 157-169
- ISSN
- 0023-9690 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005727881
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 11 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Learning and Motivation (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- learned helplessness, escape learning, electric shock, inescapable shock, differential reinforcement of other behavior, avoidance learning, dogs
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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