Control over a stressor involves the posterior dorsal striatum and the act/outcome circuit
Open accessAbstract
Controllable/escapable tailshocks (ES s) do not produce the behavioral and neurochemical outcomes produced by equal yoked uncontrollable/inescapable tailshocks (IS s). The prelimbic cortex is known to play a key role in mediating the protective effects of control. The concepts of act/outcome learning and control seem similar, and act/outcome learning is mediated by a circuit involving the prelimbic cortex and posterior dorsomedial striatum (DMS). Thus, we tested the involvement of the DMS in the protective effect of ES, in rats. First, we examined Fos immunoreactivity in both the DMS and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) after ES and yoked IS. We then investigated the effect of blocking DMS or DLS N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors with the specific antagonist D‐(‐)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphopentanoic acid (D‐AP5) on the release of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin (5‐HT) during ES, as well as on the level of anxiety produced by the ES experience 24 h later. ES, but not yoked IS, produced a large increase of Fos activity in the DMS. Consistent with the F os data, D‐AP 5 in the DMS, but not in the DLS, prevented the inhibition of dorsal raphe nucleus 5‐HT release normally produced by ES. Furthermore, D‐AP 5 administered into the DMS before ES, but not into the DLS, increased anxiety 24 h later, leading to levels similar to those produced by IS. These results suggest that, as with appetitive act/outcome contingency learning, the protective effects of behavioral control over a stressor require the DMS.
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Inactivating dorsolateral striatum and habit system does not reduce protective effects of escapability.
“As this conclusion also predicts, inactivating the dorsolateral striatum and the habit system did not reduce the protective effects of escapability.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2014)
The Results (Juvenile social exploration at 24 h after stress) report that D-AP5 injected into the dorsolateral striatum before escapable shock did not diminish the behavioral protection afforded by control. The Discussion identifies the dorsolateral striatum with the habit system. However, the experiment blocked NMDA receptors in that region; it did not establish the effect of inactivating the entire region or habit system. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen DMS is inactivated, escapable subjects performing the controlling response perfectly are not protected against later passivity/anxiety; DRN activates as if shocks were uncontrollable and passivity/anxiety follow.
“Dramatically, even though the escapable subjects performed the controlling escape response perfectly, this was not protective against passivity/anxiety later.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2014)
The Results (Wheel-turn escape learning; Juvenile social exploration at 24 h after stress) show that rats given intra-DMS D-AP5 escaped as efficiently as controls but lost the usual protection against later anxiety-like behavior. The paper also reports loss of the usual suppression of dorsal raphe serotonin release. It blocked DMS NMDA receptors rather than fully inactivating the DMS, and it did not test later passivity or establish literally perfect escape performance. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInactivating DMS during escapable and inescapable shock does not interfere with learning or performance of escape response, suggesting rats can use habit system.
“First, inactivating the dorsal medial striatum did not interfere with the learning and performance of the escape response. This suggests that the rats could use the “dumber” habit system to acquire and perform the escape response.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2014)
The Results (Wheel-turn escape learning) report that rats given D-AP5 in the DMS learned and performed the escape response as efficiently as controls, and the Discussion suggests they did so through the habit system. But this finding concerns NMDA-receptor blockade during escapable shock, not DMS inactivation during both escapable and inescapable shock. The Experimental design section also says that a different DMS-inactivating drug, muscimol, prevented rats from learning to escape. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEscapable shock, but not inescapable shock, activates contingency-sensitive DMS but not habit-oriented DLS.
“As would be predicted, Amat et al. (2014) found that escapable shock, but not inescapable shock activates the contingency-sensitive dorsal medial striatum, but not the habit-oriented contingency-insensitive dorsal lateral striatum.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2014)
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- Authors
- Amat, J., Christianson, J. P., Aleksejev, R. M., Kim, J., Richeson, K. R., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Boston College (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-05-24
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 2352-2358
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- PMC
- PMC4804456
- OpenAlex
- W1988982984
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (050479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- behavioral control, inescapable stress, dorsolateral striatum, NMDA receptor, D-AP5, dorsal raphe nucleus, serotonin release, anxiety, Fos-like immunoreactivity, prelimbic cortex, stress resilience
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Corpus Striatum, Escape Reaction, Learning, Male, Raphe Nuclei, Serotonin, Stress, Psychological, Valine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Oncogene Proteins v-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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