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Chronic Pelvic Pain: Prevalence, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Economic Correlates
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in U.S. women aged 18-50 years, and to examine its association with health-related quality of life, work productivity, and health care utilization. METHODS: In April and May 1994, the Gallup Organization telephoned 17,927 U.S. households to identify women aged 18-50 years who experienced chronic pelvic pain, ie, of at least 6 months' duration. Those who reported chronic pelvic pain were surveyed on severity, frequency, and diagnosis; quality of life; work loss and productivity; and health care utilization. RESULTS: Among 5263 eligible women who agreed to participate, 773 (14.7%) reported chronic pelvic pain within the past 3 months. Those who reported chronic pelvic pain had significantly lower mean scores for general health than those who did not (70.5 versus 78.8,P<.05), and 61% of those with chronic pelvic pain reported that the etiology was unknown. Women diagnosed with endometriosis reported the most health distress, pain during or after intercourse, and interference with activities because of pain. Estimated direct medical costs for outpatient visits for chronic pelvic pain for the U.S population of women aged 18-50 years are $881.5 million per year. Among 548 employed respondents, 15% reported time lost from paid work and 45% reported reduced work productivity. CONCLUSION: Frequently, the cause of chronic pain is undiagnosed, although it affects approximately one in seven U.S. women. Increased awareness of its cost and impact on quality of life should promote increased medical attention to this problem.
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“The high rates of hospital admissions, surgical procedures, and incidence of comorbid conditions make endometriosis a more costly public health problem than commonly known medical conditions in women such as migraine and Crohn’s disease (13-17).”
From Patients’ report on how endometriosis affects health, work, and daily life (2010) · cites this paper as [16]
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BackgroundValidity and Reliability of The Turkish Version of The Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire
Tuğçe Keziban, K. U. R. T., Taşpınar, B., & Taşpınar, F. (2023) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences · doi:10.30621/jbachs.1178880 · Cited by 4
Endometriose – mehr als „nur“ Dysmenorrhö!
Willer, D., Peters, G., Tesch, K., Maass, N., & Alkatout, İ. (2023) · Die Gynäkologie · doi:10.1007/s00129-023-05101-0 · Cited by 4
“International betrachtet zeigen sich ähnliche Zahlen [4, 15, 19, 24, 34].”
Chowdhury, S. K., & Trescot, A. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27482-9_47 · Cited by 4
“The majority of patients suffering from this are female; chronic pelvic pain affects approximately one in seven women [ 1 ].”
BackgroundCharacterization of Bladder and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain
Goueli, R. S., Thomas, D. D. M., Suresh, A., Te, A. E., Bonder, J. H., Stein, A., & Chughtai, B. I. (2017) · Journal of Womenʼs Health Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/jwh.0000000000000084 · Cited by 4
Transdermal light neuromodulation: Optogenetics in the murine urinary tract
Wallace, S. L., Kelley, R. S., Mehta, S., Descalzi, G., Fantl, J. A., & Ascher‐Walsh, C. (2017) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.23458 · Cited by 4
“6 billion dollars per year.(2) This syndrome can result from short-term or long-term inflammation and peripheral nerve damage leading to prolonged changes in nociception.”
BackgroundChronic pelvic pain and irritable bowel syndrome
Gupta, J. K., More, S., & Clark, T. J. (2003) · Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hosp.2003.64.5.1759 · Cited by 4
Sürücü, Ş. G., & Beji, N. K. (2012) · International Journal of Urological Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1749-771x.2011.01137.x · Cited by 4
Neuromodulation for Pelvic Pain and Sexual Dysfunction
Liberman, D., Singh, R., & SIEGEL, S. W. (2016) · Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports · doi:10.1007/s11884-016-0366-3 · Cited by 4
Bauchschmerzen - ein Stiefkind der Schmerztherapie und Forschung?
Häuser, W., Lempa, M., & Jänig, W. (2002) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-002-0186-6 · Cited by 4
Cantin-Drouin, M., Damant, D., & Turcotte, D. (2008) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2008/801019 · Cited by 4
Physiotherapy in women's health
Brook, G., Brooks, T., Coldron, Y., Hawkes, R., Lee, J., Lewis, M., Todd, J. E., Vits, K., & Whitney, L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4344-4.00027-4 · Cited by 4
Acute and Chronic Pelvic Pain Disorders
Forstner, R., & Schneider, A. (2007) · Medical radiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68212-7_17 · Cited by 4
Stones, W. R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-808-1_25 · Cited by 4
Clinical Significance of Adhesions in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain
Steege, J. F. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1194-5_31 · Cited by 4
Epidemiology of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Broderick, A., Kennedy, S., & Zondervan, K. T. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_1333 · Cited by 4
Su, X., Liu, H., Wang, H., Yao, N., Wu, Y., An, S., Li, Y., Zhang, M., Huang, Z.-G., & Dun, W. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105419 · Cited by 4
Pelvic venous disorders in women: Diagnosis and management for gynecologists
Ni, T. T., Friedman, I., Smith, J., Liu, B., Melchior, M., & Brown, A. D. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70955 · Cited by 3
Navarro, H., Vinueza, B., & Martínez, D. (2005) · Colombia medica · doi:10.25100/cm.v36i.3.358 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Mathias, S.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mathias, S
- ORCID
- Mathias, S
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 1996-03
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 321-327
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985935279
- Cited by
- 1,074
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 11.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic pelvic pain, prevalence, health-related quality of life, labor productivity, health care utilization, endometriosis, health care costs, women's health, lost workdays
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Chronic Disease, Endometriosis, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Prevalence, Cost of Illness, Pelvic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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