Increasing the work requirements lowers the threshold of naloxone for reducing self-stimulation in the midbrain of rats
Abstract
Rats were trained to lever-press for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) with electrodes in the midbrain central gray area. The effects of naloxone (0.1-30.0 mg/kg, SC) on a continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule were determined. Rats were then re-trained on higher fixed-ratio (FR) schedules, and naloxone was re-tested at FR: 5, 10, 15 and 20. Only moderate reductions in lever-pressing rates were obtained at the highest dose of naloxone under CRF and FR: 5 schedules. In contrast, pronounced, dose-dependent reductions in ICSS rates occurred at FR: 10, 15 and 20. The time-course for this reduction at FR: 20 was consistent with an opiate-antagonistic action of naloxone. The modest decrease in locomotor activity produced by naloxone in a matched group of control rats was not sufficient to account for the effects on ICSS. The threshold of naloxone for reducing the rate of ICSS lever-pressing was lowered by increasing the effort and/or time requirement for each reinforcement.
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The endogenous opiate system modulates the rewarding and reinforcing effects of food, water, sex, intracranial self-stimulation, and other rewards.
“The endogenous opiate system is well-known to modulate, in part, the rewarding and reinforcing effects of food, water, sex, intracranial self-stimulation, and other rewards (Broekkamp and Phillips 1979; Turkish and Cooper 1983; West et al 1983; Agmo and Berenfeld 1990; Yeomans and Gray 1996; Gerrits et al 2003).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as West et al 1983
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Burkett, J. P., & Young, L. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2794-x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“The endogenous opiate system is well-known to modulate, in part, the rewarding and reinforcing effects of food, water, sex, intracranial self-stimulation, and other rewards (Broekkamp and Phillips 1979; Turkish and Cooper 1983; West et al. 1983; Agmo and Berenfeld 1990; Yeomans and Gray 1996; Gerrits et al. 2003).”
- Authors
- West, C. H. K., Schaefer, G. J., & Michael, R. P.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Michael, Richard P.
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 705-710
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964082261
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- naloxone, intracranial self-stimulation, fixed-ratio schedules, continuous reinforcement, job requirements, opioid antagonism, locomotor activity, dose-response threshold, reinforcement schedules
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electric Stimulation, Male, Mesencephalon, Motor Activity, Naloxone, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reinforcement Schedule, Self Stimulation, Rats
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