The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive processes in anxiety
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“and also interpret ambiguous information more negatively (Butler and Mathews, 1983; Dearing and Gotlib, 2009; Lawson et al., 2002; Rude et al., 2002).”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Butler and Mathews, 1983
Citations
Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
Jaffe, B. (1977) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(77)71107-7 · Cited by 4,730
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Cherniak, C., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1983) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184495 · Cited by 4,196
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Cognitive Therapy in Depression
Kovács, M. (1980) · Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1521/jaap.1.1980.8.1.127 · Cited by 3,422
Judged frequency of lethal events.
Lichtenstein, S., Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., Layman, M., & Combs, B. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.551 · Cited by 1,539
Types of stressful life event and the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders
Finlay-Jones, R., & Brown, G. W. (1981) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700041301 · Cited by 641
Negative thinking in depression: cause, effect, or reciprocal relationship?
Teasdale, J. D. (1983) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(83)90013-9 · Cited by 541
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 738
Baumgardner, M., LaGattuta, A. K., & Allen, K. B. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231176275 · Cited by 8
Wilson, E., Abbott, M. J., Norton, A. R., Berle, D., & Rapee, R. M. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2478246 · Cited by 10
Macatee, R. J., Sarawgi, S., Norr, A. M., Oglesby, M. E., Lejuez, C. W., & Cougle, J. R. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.019 · Cited by 7
The Effect of Facial Expressions on the Evaluation of Ambiguous Statements
Meeten, F., Ivak, P., Dash, S. R., Knowles, S., Duka, T., Scott, R. B. Y., Kaiser, J., & Davey, G. C. L. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.039613 · Cited by 10
MacLeod, C. (2010) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1697 · Cited by 7
Rodrigues, J., Ruthenberg, P., Mussel, P., & Hewig, J. S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03553-6 · Cited by 9
Jelinek, L., Röhrig, G., Moritz, S., Göritz, A. S., Voderholzer, U., Riesel, A., Yassari, A. H., & Miegel, F. S. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12362 · Cited by 7
Role of selective recall in the overprediction of fear
Taylor, S. J., & Rachman, S. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90031-0 · Cited by 7
The influence of cognitive biases on psychophysiological vulnerability to stress
Randall, K. D. (2012) · Cited by 7
The moderating role of gender in the impact of intolerance of uncertainty on earthquake fearPreprint
Torpuş, K., Usta, G., Özbay, S. Ç., & Kanbay, Y. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3656610/v1 · Cited by 7
Therapeutic factors in treating anxiety disorders
Newman, M. G., & Stiles, W. B. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20262 · Cited by 9
Neural representations of ambiguous affective stimuli and resilience to anxiety in emerging adults
Saragosa‐Harris, N. M., Moreira, J. F. G., Waizman, Y. H., Sedykin, A., Silvers, J. A., & Peris, T. S. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108624 · Cited by 7
The mediating effect of maturity on anxiety and the motives for postponing parenthood
Szczęśniak, M., Falewicz, A., Meisner, M., & Grodecka, K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-71043-9 · Cited by 9
Depressive Symptoms and Affective Reactivity to Maternal Praise and Criticism
Cuellar, A. K., & Johnson, S. L. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.9.1173 · Cited by 6
Bravo, F., Cross, I. R. M., Stamatakis, E. A., & Rohrmeier, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175991 · Cited by 7
Zhou, H., Dai, B., Rossi, S., & Li, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00062 · Cited by 6
Resolving ambiguity: Negative interpretation biases
Yoon, K. L., Shaffer, V. N., & Benedict, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816660-4.00006-4 · Cited by 6
Krahé, C., Meeten, F., & Hirsch, C. R. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102610 · Cited by 10
Schema Content for Threat in Social Phobia
Wenzel, A. E. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-004-0666-3 · Cited by 6
Bredemeier, K., & Berenbaum, H. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119189909.ch3 · Cited by 6
Wu, Z., Li, S., Chen, Z., & Nie, Y. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104616 · Cited by 5
Unexpected appetitive events promote positive affective state in juvenile European sea bass
Alvarado, M. V., Felip, A., Espigares, F., & Oliveira, R. F. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49236-5 · Cited by 5
Booth, R. W., Mackintosh, B., & Hasşerbetçi, S. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2024.2348031 · Cited by 7
Zeytinoglu, S., White, L. K., Morales, S., Degnan, K. A., Henderson, H. A., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., Pine, D. S., & Fox, N. A. (2025) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14169 · Cited by 7
Prediction Errors in Depression: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis
Radomsky, A. S., Wong, S. F., Dussault, D., Gilchrist, P. T., & Tesolin, S. B. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.33.4.320 · Cited by 5
Is There a Negative Interpretation Bias in Depressed Patients? An Affective Startle Modulation Study
Käse, M., Dresler, T., Andreatta, M., Ehlis, A., Wolff, B., Kittel‐Schneider, S., Polak, T. T., Fallgatter, A. J., & Mühlberger, A. (2013) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000347086 · Cited by 5
Loss Aversion Correlates With the Propensity to Deploy Model-Based Control
Solway, A., Lohrenz, T. M., & Montague, P. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00915 · Cited by 5
The Measurement of Cognition in Psychopathology
Goldberg, J. O., & Shaw, B. F. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9779-4_3 · Cited by 5
Shen, T., & Dayan, P. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.01.07.574574 · Cited by 7
Induced worry increases risk aversion in patients with generalized anxiety
Sporrer, J. K., Johann, A., Chumbley, J. R., Robinson, O. J., & Bach, D. R. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115192 · Cited by 5
Vieira, J. L., Malivoire, B. L., Koerner, N., & Sumantry, D. (2023) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2023.2270417 · Cited by 5
The power of ostracism: Can personality influence reactions to social exclusion?
Waldrip, A. M. (2007) · UTA ResearchCommons (University of Texas Arlington) · Cited by 4
The role of cognitive biases in short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapy
Kramer, U., Ortega, D. C., Ambresin, G., Despland, J., & de Roten, Y. (2017) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12152 · Cited by 4
Nogami, T. (2019) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2441 · Cited by 4
Fenley, A. R., Langer, D. A., Blake, P. R., & Pincus, D. B. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09893-0 · Cited by 4
An online spider game: Overcome your fear, exposure is near
Dibbets, P., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100201 · Cited by 4
Cognitive Therapy for Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Jarrett, R. B., & Rush, A. J. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73393-2_12 · Cited by 4
From Trauma To growth: Posttraumatic Growth Clock
Lee, H. S. (2016) · 인지과학 · doi:10.19066/cogsci.2016.27.4.001 · Cited by 4
The relationship of attributional style to agoraphobia severity, depression, and treatment outcome
Michelson, L. K., Bellanti, C. J., Testa, S. M., & Marchione, N. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10011-0 · Cited by 4
Hypervigilance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Wiggs, C. L., Martin, A. D., Altemus, M. M., & Murphy, D. L. (1996) · Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7154(1996)2:3 · Cited by 8
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Threat Appraisal Questionnaire for Children (TAQ-C)
Francis, R., Hawes, D. J., Abbott, M. J., & Costa, D. S. J. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9584-4 · Cited by 4
Turovsky, J., & Barlow, D. H. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-08348-2_5 · Cited by 4
The History of the Concepts of Fear and Anxiety
Moehle, K. A., & Levitt, E. E. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9715-2_6 · Cited by 4
Some reservations concerning the current cognitive emphasis in therapy
Gurnani, P. D., & Wang, M. (1990) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515079008254231 · Cited by 4
Behind the Great Firewall: The Internet and Democratization in China.
Wang, X. (2009) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 4
No Threat-Related Processing Bias in Low Trait-Anxious/High State-Anxious Novice Parachuters
van den Hout, M., Arntz, A. R., Janssen, S. A., de Jong, P. J., & Pool, K. (1998) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018724221647 · Cited by 4
Anxiety-Linked Differences in Older Adults’ Interpretation of Ambiguous Information
Cabrera, I., Montorio, I., & MacLeod, C. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9824-7 · Cited by 3
Effects of positive and negative affect inductions on interpretive and response bias
Yarrington, J. S., & Craske, M. G. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104460 · Cited by 5
Lee, J.-E., & 이현수 (2009) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.2.007 · Cited by 3
Hoid, D., Pan, D., Liao, C., & Li, X. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032270 · Cited by 3
Liu, S., Zhang, K., & Ren, Q. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x241289704 · Cited by 3
Zhang, Z., Vrijsen, J. N., Schmitter, M., Koster, E. H. W., & Becker, E. S. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10549-y · Cited by 3
A Bridge over Troubled Water: Managing Parties’ Mental Illness in Mediation
Hickerson, G. (2017) · Negotiation Journal · doi:10.1111/nejo.12173 · Cited by 3
Yin, Q., Dong, W., Chen, A., Song, X., Hou, T., Cai, W., & Deng, G. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000023340 · Cited by 5
Debiasing of Pessimistic Judgments Associated with Anxiety: A Test of the Availability Heuristic
Bentz, B. G., Mahaffey, S. L., Adami, A. M., Romig, D. M., Muenke, R. C., Barfield, S. G., Teer, J. R., & DeOrnellas, K. (2008) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9090-4 · Cited by 3
Biais anxieux de perception des risques
Sgard, F., Rusinek, S., Hautekèete, M., & Graziani, P. (2006) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/s1155-1704(06)70191-4 · Cited by 3
Health Anxiety (Hypochondriasis): an Emotional Disorder in An Alternative Taxonomy
Longley, S. L., Calamari, J. E., Noyes, R., Meyers, K., & McDowell, E. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573400509666131119010129 · Cited by 4
Age Differences in Information Processing Biases in Spider Fear
Smith-Janik, S. B., Green, J. S., & Teachman, B. A. (2013) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2013.6.4.401 · Cited by 3
Hosein, D., Yazdandoost, R. Y., Banafsheh, G., & Aliasghar, A. F. (2012) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · Cited by 3
Sudden Gains in Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder
김소정, 윤혜영, Kwon, J., & 이한나 (2014) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2014.33.4.006 · Cited by 3
Interpretation and Attentional Bias Training
Salemink, E., Wolters, L. H., & de Haan, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235655.018 · Cited by 3
임수지, Kwon, J., & 김소정 (2016) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2016.35.2.001 · Cited by 3
Zhang, F., Zhang, X., Mao, X., Chen, A., Yin, Q., & Deng, G. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000018746 · Cited by 3
Childhood Antecedents of Adult Anxiety Disorders
Fredman, S. J., Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R., Smoller, J. W., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470986844.ch9 · Cited by 3
Cognitive processes in specific phobias and their treatment
Thorpe, S. J. (1994) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · doi:10.5287/ora-6gmnbpnd1 · Cited by 3
Tendencias atribucionales en la Hipocondria : caracterización y cambios con el tratamiento
de Vaca, P. M. N.-C., Belloch, A., & Arbona, C. B. (2001) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.6.num.3.2001.3912 · Cited by 3
Psychological aspects of auditory disorders : cognitive functioning and psychological state
McKenna, L. (1997) · City Research Online (City University London) · Cited by 3
The economics of subjective security and camera surveillance
Zehnder, M. (2009) · Econstor (Econstor) · Cited by 3
Fracalanza, K. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14657616.v1 · Cited by 4
Interoception and Psychopathology
Medford, N., Quadt, L., & Critchley, H. (2024) · Phenomenological Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38391-5_13 · Cited by 2
So, S. H., Chau, A. K. C., Gaudiano, B. A., Ellett, L., Lincoln, T. M., Morris, E. M. J., & Kingston, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100052 · Cited by 2
Pummerer, L., Gkinopoulos, T., Douglas, K. M., Jolley, D., & Sassenberg, K. (2024) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2025.2454118 · Cited by 4
Alpha and Beta Powers in EEG: How Audio-Visual Stimulation Influences Anxiety
Özdemir, İ., Tülay, E. E., Aksu, S., Türkiş, F. C., Çelebi, Ç. A., Bek, S., & Kutlu, G. (2025) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-025-09739-5 · Cited by 2
Chapter 20 – Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Treatments-by-Dimensions Review
Weiss, B. J., Hope, D. A., & Cohn, L. G. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · Cited by 5
Cognitive Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Benign Headache: A Review and Critique
Morley, S. (1986) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300014932 · Cited by 2
[Emotional processing in people with obsessive-compulsive symptomatology].
Casado, Y., Álvarez, P. C., Godoy, A., Farias, A., & Vila, J. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Thompson, A. L. (2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 2
Koo, H.-J., & Kwon, J. (2015) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2015.34.3.007 · Cited by 2
Blackburn, I.-M. (1998) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b0080-4270(73)00187-5
Treatment of Adult Social Anxiety Disorder: A Treatments-by-Dimensions Review
Anderson, K. N., & Hope, D. A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00023-6 · Cited by 2
The impact of self-referential processing on depression-linked negative interpretive bias
Lawson, C., MacLeod, C., Hammond, G., & Grafton, B. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101912 · Cited by 3
Trait anxiety as a moderator for the accuracy of affective forecasting and recall
Ahn, S. H., Kim, G., & Yang, J.-W. (2019) · 한국심리학회지: 일반 · doi:10.22257/kjp.2019.09.38.3.401 · Cited by 2
Protocollaire behandeling van patiënten met een gegeneraliseerde angststoornis
Elgersma, H., & Arntz, A. (2004) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7117-4_4 · Cited by 3
Believing is Seeing: The causal role of interpretive bias in anxiety
Salemink, E. (2005) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 2
Emotion Regulation in Depression: Investigating Mechanisms Underlying Reappraisal
D’Avanzato, C. (2013) · Cited by 2
Behavioural and combined therapy in panic states
Pecknold, J. C. (1987) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0278-5846(87)90046-7 · Cited by 2
Comparisons of Different Measures for Cognitions in Agoraphobic Patients
Thulin, U. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/02845710127476 · Cited by 2
Sexton, K. A. (2011) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University) · Cited by 1
The interaction between emotion and economic decision-making
Charpentier, C. J. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 2
Attentional Bias and Subjective Risk in Hypochondriacal Concern.
Hitchcock, P. B. (1993) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_disstheses.5641 · Cited by 2
Turovsky, J., & Barlow, D. H. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10774-4_5 · Cited by 2
Petro, N. M., Picci, G., Ott, L. R., Rempe, M. P., Embury, C. M., Penhale, S. H., Wang, Y., Stephen, J. M., Calhoun, V. D., Taylor, B. K., et al. (2023) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00062 · Cited by 1
A behavioural test of depression-related probability bias
Booth, R. W., Gönül, S., Sözügür, B. D., & Khalid, K. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2024.2425695 · Cited by 2
Kapuralalage, T. N. E., Chan, H. F., Hughes, J. A., Torgler, B., & Whyte, S. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090123 · Cited by 2
Torpuş, K., Usta, G., Özbay, S. Ç., & Kanbay, Y. (2025) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2025.2564301 · Cited by 9
Interpretation bias in emotional disorders: a selective review
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2025) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2025.104948 · Cited by 4
Self-citationSeeds, P. M. (2012) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 2
김, 수., 조, 용., & 최, 영. (2009) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.2.009 · Cited by 1
Kim, B.-K., & Yoo, S. (2015) · Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education · doi:10.13000/jfmse.2015.27.3.853 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Butler, G., & Mathews, A.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Butler, Gillian
- ORCID
- Butler, Gillian
- Venue
- Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-62
- ISSN
- 0146-6402 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085049140
- Cited by
- 738
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 12.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Keywords
- anxiety, cognitive processes, risk overestimation, availability heuristic, depression, risk judgment, mental representation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review